“…Based on work presented in Herrmann and Thiede (2009) and Brondi and Carpanzano (2011) as well as the classifications suggested by the Global Sustainability Reporting Guideline (Global Reporting Initiative, 2013), ISO 14004 (ISO, 2004) and VDI 4050 (VDI, 2001, the relevant environmental aspects and influence factors can be defined as illustrated in Fig. 1.…”
“…Based on work presented in Herrmann and Thiede (2009) and Brondi and Carpanzano (2011) as well as the classifications suggested by the Global Sustainability Reporting Guideline (Global Reporting Initiative, 2013), ISO 14004 (ISO, 2004) and VDI 4050 (VDI, 2001, the relevant environmental aspects and influence factors can be defined as illustrated in Fig. 1.…”
“…These are often conceptual studies addressing only the impact categories that can be considered without quantitative evaluation. Nevertheless, one study (Brondi & Carpanzano, 2011) presents comprehensive LCIA results specified in 11 impact categories. Moreover, six studies link the inventory and impact assessment with economic valuation, the monetary indicators they have addressed including eco-efficiency (Alexander Sproedt, Plehn, & Hertz, 2013;A.…”
Section: Life Cycle Inventory and Impact Assessmentmentioning
The manufacturing industry has a duty to minimize its environmental impact, and an increasing body of legislation mandates environmental impact evaluations from a life cycle perspective to prevent burden shift. The manufacturing industry is increasing its use of computer-based simulations to optimize production processes. In recent years, several published studies have combined simulations with life cycle assessments (LCAs) to evaluate and minimize the environmental impact of production activities. Still, current knowledge of simulations conducted for LCAs is rather disjointed. This paper accordingly reviews the literature covering simulation-based LCAs of production processes. The results of the review and cross-comparison of papers are structured in terms of seven elements in line with the ISO standard definition of LCA and report the strengths and limitations of the reviewed studies.
ARTICLE HISTORY
“…The modular approach has already been applied in the manufacturing environment [16]. A second important aspect concerns the final assessment quality that must be suitable for a major precision in comparison to traditional LCAs.…”
Section: Fig 1 Requirements For Cps Use In the Lca Frameworkmentioning
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