A molecular phylogeny of the neotropical butterfly genus Anartia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)

Blum, Michael J.; Bermingham, Eldredge; Dasmahapatra, Kanchon K.

doi:10.1016/s1055-7903(02)00291-9

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Similarly, recently diverged cichlid fish species also exhibit a pattern of shared polymorphisms . Our results thus tend to confirm that the two French Ostrinia taxa constitute two recently diverged host races or sibling species, rather than two distant species in which divergence would be strong at most loci, including nuclear genes (Blum et al 2003;Barr and McPheron 2006;see review in Hare 2001).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Molecular Differentiation at Nuclear Loci in French Host Races of the European Corn Borer (Ostrinia nubilalis)

et al. 2007

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French populations of the European corn borer consist of two sympatric and genetically differentiated host races. As such, they are well suited to study processes that could be involved in sympatric speciation, but the initial conditions of host-race divergence need to be elucidated. Gene genealogies can provide insight into the processes involved in speciation. We used DNA sequences of four nuclear genes to (1) document the genetic structure of the two French host races previously delineated with allozyme markers, (2) find genes directly or indirectly involved in reproductive isolation between host races, and (3) estimate the time since divergence of the two taxa and see whether this estimate is compatible with this divergence being the result of a host shift onto maize after its introduction into Europe ∼500 years ago. Gene genealogies revealed extensive shared polymorphism, but confirmed the previously observed genetic differentiation between the two host races. Significant departures from the predictions of neutral molecular evolution models were detected at three loci but were apparently unrelated to reproductive isolation between host races. Estimates of time since divergence between French host races varied from ∼75,000 to ∼150,000 years, suggesting that the two taxa diverged recently but probably long before the introduction of maize into Europe.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Molecular Differentiation at Nuclear Loci in French Host Races of the European Corn Borer (Ostrinia nubilalis)

et al. 2007

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“…Evaluation of reciprocal monophyly in the empirical data sets was determined via neighbor-joining topologies derived from GenBank sequences or determined from previous investigations of species complexes (Blum et al, 2003;Dean and Ballard, 2005;Gleason et al, 1998;Kopp and Barmina, 2005;Machado and Hey, 2003;Wahlberg et al, 2003). We employ three categories for scoring reciprocal monophyly: reciprocally monophyletic (RM), not reciprocally monophyletic (nonRM), and data not available (NA) when only a single sequence was available per taxon.…”

Section: Empirical Data Setsmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA Barcoding Will Often Fail to Discover New Animal Species over Broad Parameter Space

2006

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With increasing force, genetic divergence of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is being argued as the primary tool for discovery of animal species. Two thresholds of single-gene divergence have been proposed: reciprocal monophyly, and 10 times greater genetic divergence between than within species (the "10x rule"). To explore quantitatively the utility of each approach, we couple neutral coalescent theory and the classical Bateson-Dobzhansky-Muller (BDM) model of speciation. The joint stochastic dynamics of these two processes demonstrate that both thresholds fail to "discover" many reproductively isolated lineages under a single incompatibility BDM model, especially when BDM loci have been subject to divergent selection. Only when populations have been isolated for > 4 million generations did these thresholds achieve error rates of < 10% under our model that incorporates variable population sizes. The high error rate evident in simulations is corroborated with six empirical data sets. These properties suggest that single-gene, high-throughput approaches to discovering new animal species will bias large-scale biodiversity surveys, particularly toward missing reproductively isolated lineages that have emerged by divergent selection or other mechanisms that accelerate reproductive isolation. Because single-gene thresholds for species discovery can result in substantial error at recent divergence times, they will misrepresent the correspondence between recently isolated populations and reproductively isolated lineages (= species).

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“…Eleven gains and four losses of the polarized pattern occurred in the butterflies examined, according to the most recently available published phylogenies. (Brower, 1994;Brower and Egan, 1997;Penz, 1999;Wahlberg and Zimmermann, 2000;Willmott et al, 2001;Wahlberg, 2001;Penz and DeVries, 2002;Blum et al, 2003;Wahlberg et al, 2003;Frietas and Brown, Jr, 2004;Murray and Prowell, 2005 Ten gains and three losses were located on the nymphalid clade; of these, nine gains and three losses were located on branches designated as forest dwelling species. Those butterflies that exhibited polarized reflectance patterns were significantly more likely to exist within a forest light habitat (PϷ0.008).…”

Section: Concentrated Changes Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light habitats and the role of polarized iridescence in the sensory ecology of neotropical nymphalid butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)

Douglas

Cronin

Chiou

et al. 2007

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARY The exploitation of polarized light may increase perceived visual contrast independent of spectrum and intensity and thus have adaptive value in forest habitats, where illumination varies greatly in brightness and spectral properties. Here we investigate the extent to which Costa Rican butterflies of the family Nymphalidae exhibit polarized wing reflectance and evaluate the types of habitats in which the trait is commonly found. We also examine the degree of polarized reflectance of wing patterns in representative species belonging to the nymphalid subfamilies Charaxinae, Heliconiinae, Morphinae and Nymphalinae. Polarized reflectance was evaluated using museum specimens illuminated with a light source that simulated the spectrum of ambient sunlight and viewed through a polarized filter. Of the 144 species examined,75 species exhibited polarized reflectance patterns. These species were significantly more likely to occupy forest habitats than open habitats. A concentrated changes test performed on a phylogeny of the Nymphalidae, with the Papilionidae as an outgroup, provides further support for the correlated evolution of polarized iridescence and life in a forest light environment. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the production and detection of polarized light may have adaptive communicative value in those species inhabiting forest habitats with complex light conditions. The potential utility of polarized iridescence and iridescent wing coloration within differing ambient spectral environments is discussed to provide a basis for future investigation of the polarized light ecology of butterflies.

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A molecular phylogeny of the neotropical butterfly genus Anartia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)

Cited by 26 publications

References 29 publications

Molecular Differentiation at Nuclear Loci in French Host Races of the European Corn Borer (Ostrinia nubilalis)

Molecular Differentiation at Nuclear Loci in French Host Races of the European Corn Borer (Ostrinia nubilalis)

DNA Barcoding Will Often Fail to Discover New Animal Species over Broad Parameter Space

Light habitats and the role of polarized iridescence in the sensory ecology of neotropical nymphalid butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)

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