A Molecular Survey forFrancisella tularensisandRickettsiaspp. inHaemaphysalis leporispalustris(Acari: Ixodidae) in Northern California

Roth, Tara; Lane, Robert S.; Foley, Janet E.

doi:10.1093/jme/tjw202

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…maculatum (Wright et al, 2015). Additionally, although R. felis is primarily associated with cat fleas, it has been detected sporadically in ticks, which supports the data presented here (Ishikura et al, 2003; Jiang et al, 2012; Abarca et al, 2013; Soares et al, 2015; Roth et al, 2016). No transovarial transmission of R. rickettsii was identified for either tick species in the current study, consistent with previous results in which naïve female ticks were refractory to transovarial transmission, despite massive infection in the ovaries of engorged females post-rickettsial exposure (Niebylski et al, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Comparative vertical transmission of Rickettsia by Dermacentor variabilis and Amblyomma maculatum

Harris

Verhoeve

Banajee

et al. 2017

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases

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The geographical overlap of multiple Rickettsia and tick species coincides with the molecular detection of a variety of rickettsial agents in what may be novel tick hosts. However, little is known concerning transmissibility of rickettsial species by various tick hosts. To examine the vertical transmission potential between select tick and rickettsial species, two sympatric species of ticks, Dermacentor variabilis and Amblyomma maculatum, were exposed to five different rickettsial species, including Rickettsia rickettsii, Rickettsia parkeri, Rickettsia montanensis, Rickettsia amblyommatis, or flea-borne Rickettsia felis. Fitness-related metrics including engorgement weight, egg production index, nutrient index, and egg hatch percentage were then assessed. Subsamples of egg clutches and unfed larvae, nymphs, and adults for each cohort were assessed for transovarial and transstadial transmission of rickettsiae by qPCR. Rickettsial exposure had a minimal fitness effect in D. variabilis and transovarial transmission was observed for all groups except R. rickettsii. In contrast, rickettsial exposure negatively influenced A. maculatum fitness and transovarial transmission of rickettsiae was demonstrated only for R. amblyommatis- and R. parkeri-exposed ticks. Sustained maintenance of rickettsiae via transstadial transmission was diminished from F1 larvae to F1 adults in both tick species. The findings of this study suggest transovarial transmission specificity may not be tick species dependent, and sustained vertical transmission is not common.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Comparative vertical transmission of Rickettsia by Dermacentor variabilis and Amblyomma maculatum

Harris

Verhoeve

Banajee

et al. 2017

Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases

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“…By molecular techniques, R. felis has been detected in different flea species, mosquitoes, mites, and ticks (both Ixodid and Argasid). These tick species include Rhipicephalus sanguineus in Brazil, Spain, Chile, China, and the Philippines [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]; Rhipicephalus bursa in Turkey [ 22 ]; Rhipicephalus turanicus in Italy [ 23 ]; Haemaphysalis flava, Haemaphysalis kitasatoe, and Ixodes ovatus in Japan [ 24 ]; Haemaphysalis sulcata in Croatia [ 25 ]; Haemaphysalis leporispalustris in the United States [ 26 ]; Haemaphysalis sp. and Rhipicephalus microplus in Malaysia [ 27 ]; Heamaphysalis bancrofti in Australia [ 28 ]; Amblyomma maculatum in the United States [ 29 ]; Amblyomma cajennense , Amblyomma humerale, Amblyomma ovale , and Amblyomma sculptum in Brazil [ 14 , 30 , 31 , 32 ]; Ixodes granulatus in Taiwan [ 33 ]; Ixodes hexagonus in Italy [ 34 ]; Ixodes ricinus in Germany, France, Spain, Romania, and Serbia [ 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ]; Dermacentor nitens in Brazil and Cuba [ 21 , 41 ]; and Dermacentor variabilis and Carios capensis in the United States [ 42 , 43 ] ( Table S1 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Culture Isolate of Rickettsia felis from a Tick

Danchenko

Benada

Škultéty

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Although the cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis, has been identified as the primary vector of Rickettsia felis, additional flea, tick, mite, and louse species have also been associated with this bacterium by molecular means; however, the role of these arthropods in the transmission of R. felis has not been clarified. Here, we succeeded in culture isolation of R. felis from a host-seeking castor bean tick, Ixodes ricinus, the most common tick in Slovakia. The bacterial isolation was performed on XTC-2 cells at 28 °C using the shell-vial technique. An evaluation of the growth properties was performed for both the XTC-2 and Vero cell lines. We observed R. felis in the infected host cells microscopically by Gimenez staining and immunofluorescence assay. The R. felis isolate was purified by gradient ultracentrifugation and visualized by electron microscopy. Fragments of the genes gltA, ompA, ompB, htrA, rpoB, sca4, rffE, and rrs were amplified and compared with the corresponding sequences of the type strain URRWXCal2 and other R. felis culture -isolated strains. We did not detect any nucleotide polymorphisms; however, plasmid pRFδ, characteristic of the standard strain, was absent in our isolate. Herein, we describe the first successful isolation and characterization of a tick-derived R. felis strain “Danube”, obtained from an I. ricinus nymph.

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“…Nucleic acid from R. felis and related R. felis-like organisms (RFLOs) has been detected in other hematophagous arthropods, including more than 40 species of fleas, ticks, and mosquitoes [4,10]. Field surveys have identified R. felis in wild-caught ticks [11][12][13] and laboratory studies have demonstrated R. felis was vertically transmitted by the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis, when adult ticks were exposed via capillary feeding [14]. More recently, in sub-Saharan African countries where R. felis has been reported as an emerging cause of unknown fever, R. felis has been detected in mosquitoes [3,15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of cofeeding arthropods in the transmission of Rickettsia felis

et al. 2022

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Rickettsia felis is an emerging etiological agent of rickettsioses worldwide. The cosmopolitan cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis) is the primary vector of R. felis, but R. felis has also been reported in other species of hematophagous arthropods including ticks and mosquitoes. Canines can serve as a bacteremic host to infect fleas under laboratory conditions, yet isolation of R. felis from the blood of a vertebrate host in nature has not been realized. Cofeeding transmission is an efficient mechanism for transmitting rickettsiae between infected and uninfected fleas; however, the mechanism of transmission among different orders and classes of arthropods is not known. The potential for R. felis transmission between infected fleas and tick (Dermacentor variabilis) and mosquito (Anopheles quadrimaculatus) hosts was examined via cofeeding bioassays. Donor cat fleas infected with R. felis transmitted the agent to naïve D. variabilis nymphs via cofeeding on a rat host. Subsequent transstadial transmission of R. felis from the engorged nymphs to the adult ticks was observed with reduced prevalence in adult ticks. Using an artificial host system, An. quadrimaculatus exposed to a R. felis-infected blood meal acquired rickettsiae and maintained infection over 12 days post-exposure (dpe). Similar to ticks, mosquitoes were able to acquire R. felis while cofeeding with infected cat fleas on rats infection persisting in the mosquito for up to 3 dpe. The results indicate R. felis-infected cat fleas can transmit rickettsiae to both ticks and mosquitoes via cofeeding on a vertebrate host, thus providing a potential avenue for the diversity of R. felis-infected arthropods in nature.

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A Molecular Survey forFrancisella tularensisandRickettsiaspp. inHaemaphysalis leporispalustris(Acari: Ixodidae) in Northern California

Cited by 11 publications

References 36 publications

Comparative vertical transmission of Rickettsia by Dermacentor variabilis and Amblyomma maculatum

Comparative vertical transmission of Rickettsia by Dermacentor variabilis and Amblyomma maculatum

Culture Isolate of Rickettsia felis from a Tick

The role of cofeeding arthropods in the transmission of Rickettsia felis

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