A Mollusk &lt;i&gt;Planorbarius corneus&lt;/i&gt; is an Intermediate Host of the Infectious Agent of Rostand’s «Anomaly P» in Green Frogs

Svinin, Anton O.; Bashinskiy, I. V.; Litvinchuk, Spartak N.; Neymark, Leonid A.; Ivanov, Alexander Yu.; Ermakov, Oleg A.; Vedernikov, A. A.; Dubois, Alain

doi:10.30906/1026-2296-2019-26-6-349-353

Cited by 3 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Metacercariae from tadpoles with anomaly P, which were reared in the laboratory with the mollusc P. corneus [12], were identified by molecular analysis as S. robusta (see Results). Dose-dependent experiments with cercariae of this trematode species were carried out.…”

Section: Experimental Cercariaementioning

confidence: 99%

Strigea robusta causes polydactyly and severe forms of Rostand’s anomaly P in water frogs

et al. 2020

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Background: Cases of polydactyly in natural populations of amphibians have attracted great interest from biologists. At the end of the 1940s, the French biologist Jean Rostand discovered a polymorphic syndrome in some water frog (Anura: Pelophylax) populations that included polydactyly and some severe morphological anomalies (he called it 'anomaly P'). The cause of this anomaly remains unknown for 70 years. In a previous study, we obtained anomaly P in the laboratory in tadpoles of water frogs that developed together with molluscs Planorbarius corneus (Mollusca: Gastropoda) collected in the field. We thus proposed the 'trematode hypothesis' , according to which the infectious agent responsible for anomaly P is a trematode species. Methods: Metacercariae from tadpoles with anomaly P were identified using ITS2 gene sequencing as Strigea robusta (Trematoda: Strigeidae). To verify teratogenic features of the species, cercariae of S. robusta were tested for the possibility to cause anomalies. Identification of cercariae species was made using morphological and molecular methods (sequencing of ITS2 and 28S rRNA). The tadpoles were exposed to parasites at four doses of cercariae (control, low, medium and high) and divided into two groups: "early" (at 25-27 Gosner stages) and "late" (at 29-34 Gosner stages) exposure. Results: A total of 58 (72.5%) tadpoles survived until metamorphosis under the dose-dependent experiment with the trematode S. robusta. Differences in the survival rates were observed between the exposed and unexposed tadpoles both in the group of "early" tadpoles and "late" tadpoles. The exposure of tadpoles to the cercariae of S. robusta induced anomaly P in 82% of surviving tadpoles. The severe forms developed only in "early" stages under all doses of cercariae exposure. Polydactyly predominantly developed in the "late" stages; under a light exposure dose, polydactyly also developed in "early" tadpoles. Laboratory-hatched tadpoles reared together with infected snails had different rates of survival and complexity of deformations associated with the period of coexistence. Conclusions: The experiments with direct cercariae exposure provide compelling evidence that S. robusta leads to anomaly P in tadpoles of water frogs. The manifestation of anomaly P turned out to be dependent on the stage of development, cercariae dose, and the location of the cysts.

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Section: Experimental Cercariaementioning

confidence: 99%

Strigea robusta causes polydactyly and severe forms of Rostand’s anomaly P in water frogs

et al. 2020

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“…Спустя почти 50 лет в заповеднике «Приволжская лесостепь» (Пензенская область) нами были обнаружены тяжелые формы аномалии P (Svinin et al 2018(Svinin et al , 2019a, позволившие ее корректно диагностировать, которые затем были найдены еще в трёх локалитетах в Пензенской и Новгородской областях (Svinin et al 2019b). Новые находки индуцировали начало экспериментальных работ, касающихся причин, вызывающих синдром (Svinin et al 2019c). Обнаружение редкого феномена на огромном отдалении от европейских находок во Франции и Нидерландах представляет значительный интерес и рождает новый виток интереса к истории его изучения.…”

Section: C Dunclassified

“…Согласно данным Ростана (Rostand 1971) и нашим данным (Svinin et al 2019c), полидактилия и тяжелые формы аномалии представляют собой крайние проявления синдрома, вызванного действием одного и того же фактора внешней среды. Воздействие фактора не определено, однако, вероятно, оно различно (это могут быть количественные различия, различия в стадиях развивающегося головастика, в месте локализации инфекционного агента), что и ведет к наблюдаемому диапазону признаков от их минимального количества до сложных несовместимых с жизнью постметаморфозных животных деформаций.…”

Section: морфологические особенности синдрома аномалии ростанаunclassified

“…наблюдались массовые случаи полидактилии у взрослых и полувзрослых особей. Дальнейшее исследование головастиков и сеголеток зеленых лягушек в августе того же года выявило «тяжелые» формы аномалии (Svinin et al 2018(Svinin et al , 2019c. В 2019 году были обнаружены еще два локалитета на территории Пензенской области, где были встречены тяжелые варианты нарушения развития у головастиков озерной лягушки Pelophylax ridibundus: в одном водоеме Сурского водохранилища (6 аномальных из 110 головастиков, т.е.…”

Section: находки аномалии ростана в россииunclassified

“…Таким образом, спустя полвека аномалию P вновь удалось получить в лабораторных условиях, но при содержании головастиков с улитками, а не с рыбой, как в экспериментах Ростана -Даррэ (Rostand and Darré 1969). Новые факты позволили выдвинуть «трематодную гипотезу» (Svinin et al 2019c), заключающуюся в том, что полиморфные аномалии вызваны действием определенного вида трематод (Plathelminthes: Digenea) или со четанием воздействия нескольких видов.…”

Section: трематодная гипотеза развития аномалииunclassified

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The anomaly P syndrome in green frogs: the history of discovery, morphological features and possible causes

et al. 2020

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The anomaly P in green frogs was firstly found in 1952 in France by French writer and scientist Jean Rostand. Mild form of anomaly P manifestation includes polydactyly, while complex morphological transformations affect the fore and hindlimbs and include combinations of traits: polydactyly, brachymely, hind limb flexion, small additional limbs, bone outgrowths, tumors and edema in the hind limbs. Rostand experimentally showed that this anomaly is not inherited and is caused by some environmental factors. It was recorded only in Western Palearctic green frogs of the genus Pelophylax and was absent in other amphibian species, despite their syntopic occurrence. The severe cases of anomaly P were not found for a long time by researchers and were re-discovered after half a century since its last observation. A new record was made in 2016 in the central part of Russia in the Privolzhskaya Lesostep’ nature reserve. The morphological features of the anomalous frogs in the study area turned out to be similar to those described by Rostand. Symmetric polydactyly, brachymely, hind limb flexion, edema of hind limbs, small additional limbs in thighs, outgrowths, and concomitant anomalies – mandibular hypoplasia, unmoved hind limb, open opercular chamber. The frequency of occurrence of the anomaly in the studied population reached 24.7% (n = 384). Moreover, the “severe forms” of the anomaly P were noted in 4.7% of cases, and the “light” (polydactyly) in 20.0%. Growing tadpoles together with freshwater mollusks allowed us to obtain the anomaly P in the laboratory. It was revealed that the mollusks Planorbarius corneus are the intermediate hosts (vectors) for the “infectious agent” of this anomaly. As the most possible cause of the anomaly, the infection by trematodes species is considered.

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Genetic characterisation of cercarial stages of Choanocotyle Jue Sue and Platt, 1998 (Digenea: Choanocotylidae) in a native Australian freshwater snail, Isidorella hainesii (Tryon)

Shamsi

Nuhoglu

Zhu

et al. 2021

International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife

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Isidorella hainesii (Tryon, 1866) is a native freshwater snail, belonging to the family Planorbidae, commonly found on aquatic vegetation in south eastern parts of Australia. In the present study, we report natural infection with a species of Choanocotyle Jue Sue and Platt, 1998 (Digenea: Choanocotylidae) parasite in inland Australia for the first time, followed by characterisation of the parasite using both morphological and molecular approaches. Snails (n = 150) were collected from recently drained, natural ponds at a local fish farm located in the Riverina region, New South Wales, Australia. Parasites were subjected to preliminary morphological examination followed by DNA extraction to obtain their ITS-2, 18S and 28S sequences. Based on their sequence data and phylogenetic analyses they were identified as Choanocotyle hobbsi Platt and Tkach, 2003 , which has only previously been described from Chelodina oblonga Gray, 1841 (snake-necked turtle) in Western Australia. Previous researchers suggested that in Australia, C . oblonga and its parasite fauna are separated from their eastern counterparts due to formation of impenetrable waterless desert in the country during the late Cretaceous. Our study extends the distribution of Choanocotyle hobbsi from Western Australia to the Murray Darling Basin in New South Wales, however, the definitive host remains unknown in New South Wales.

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A Mollusk <i>Planorbarius corneus</i> is an Intermediate Host of the Infectious Agent of Rostand’s «Anomaly P» in Green Frogs

Cited by 3 publications

References 8 publications

Strigea robusta causes polydactyly and severe forms of Rostand’s anomaly P in water frogs

Strigea robusta causes polydactyly and severe forms of Rostand’s anomaly P in water frogs

The anomaly P syndrome in green frogs: the history of discovery, morphological features and possible causes

Genetic characterisation of cercarial stages of Choanocotyle Jue Sue and Platt, 1998 (Digenea: Choanocotylidae) in a native Australian freshwater snail, Isidorella hainesii (Tryon)

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