In this article, we will discuss public development policies for Amazon. In the fi rst moment, the highlight will be natural rubber, both in the fi rst and in the second phase, when the resumption of its production will occur, which, at that moment, became known as “Battle of rubber”. Subsequently, public development policies will have a new direction, which will include the creation of several bodies that will be part of the infrastructure to be used for the Amazon development program, during the period of the Vargas government and, especially, after the military coup d’état.