A mRNA PCR for the diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis

Simons, Fermin A.; Vennema, Harry; Rofina, J; Pol, J.M.A.; Horzinek, Marian C.; Rottier, Peter J. M.; Egberink, Herman

doi:10.1016/j.jviromet.2004.11.012

Cited by 92 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…22 In a study conducted in Austria, type I was found to be present in 62% of the cats studied. 25 28 The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the prevalence of FCoVspecific antibodies in the sera of cats from catteries, community shelters, or households by using the virus neutralization (VN) test and then comparing its results with those of IFAT and ELISA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Serologic Techniques for the Detection of Antibodies against Feline Coronaviruses

Pratelli¹

2008

J VET Diagn Invest

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Abstract. The seroprevalence of feline coronavirus (FCoV) antibodies was studied in cats in southern Italy. One hundred twenty sera collected from cats belonging to catteries or community shelters and to households were tested for FCoV type I and II antibodies. The virus neutralization (VN) was performed and compared with indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Ninety-six sera tested positive for FCoV antibodies by VN and ELISA. Interestingly, ELISA revealed 2 more positive sera than did the VN test and 3 more positive sera than did the IFAT. All results were confirmed by Western blotting. ELISA proved to be more sensitive and detected a seroprevalence of about 82%. Considering the cross-reactivity of FCoV type I and type II, ELISA was able to detect antibodies against both serotypes, allowing the use of the assay as a reference test for sera screening. The high prevalence of antibodies observed indicates that FCoVs are common in southern Italian cat populations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Serologic Techniques for the Detection of Antibodies against Feline Coronaviruses

Pratelli¹

2008

J VET Diagn Invest

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“…Viral RNA has, however, also been detected by RT-PCR in blood and some (haemolymphatic) tissues of infected animals (Gunn- Moore et al, 1998;Herrewegh et al, 1995aHerrewegh et al, , 1997Kipar et al, 2006a, b;Meli et al, 2004;Simons et al, 2005). The significance of this apparent viraemia is still poorly understood.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whilst cells of the monocyte lineage are the prime targets of FIPV, these cells are poorly susceptible to FECV and support FECV replication and spread only very inefficiently, at least in vitro Stoddart & Scott, 1989). Studies aimed at detecting FCoV replication, by using an RT-PCR designed specifically to identify viral mRNA, suggest this to also be the case in vivo (Simons et al, 2005). Actually, viral mRNA or infected cells were not observed in organs other than the intestinal tract.…”

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confidence: 99%

Feline infectious peritonitis: insights into feline coronavirus pathobiogenesis and epidemiology based on genetic analysis of the viral 3c gene

Chang

Groot

Egberink

et al. 2009

Journal of General Virology

136

188

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Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a lethal systemic disease caused by FIP virus (FIPV), a virulent mutant of apathogenic feline enteric coronavirus (FECV). We analysed the 3c gene -a proposed virulence marker -in 27 FECV-and 28 FIPV-infected cats. Our findings suggest that functional 3c protein expression is crucial for FECV replication in the gut, but dispensable for systemic FIPV replication. Whilst intact in all FECVs, the 3c gene was mutated in the majority (71.4 %) of FIPVs, but not in all, implying that mutation in 3c is not the (single) cause of FIP. Most cats with FIP had no detectable intestinal feline coronaviruses (FCoVs) and had seemingly cleared the primary FECV infection. In those with detectable intestinal FCoV, the virus always had an intact 3c and seemed to have been acquired by FECV superinfection. Apparently, 3c-inactivated viruses replicate not at all -or only poorly -in the gut, explaining the rare incidence of FIP outbreaks.Feline coronaviruses (FCoVs; family Coronaviridae, order Nidovirales), important pathogens of cats, occur as two distinctly different pathotypes. Feline enteric coronavirus (FECV), the pathotype most common in the field, seems to be confined mainly to the intestinal tract and causes mild, often unapparent enteritis. The virus spreads efficiently via the faecal-oral route and, as infections may persist subclinically for up to a year and perhaps even longer (Herrewegh et al., 1997;Pedersen et al., 2008), FECV prevalence is high, reaching up to 90 % seropositivity in multi-cat environments. The other pathotype, designated feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV), occurs only sporadically. In sharp contrast to FECVs, FIPVs do not seem to be well-transmitted and they are highly virulent. By efficiently infecting macrophages and monocytes, FIPVs can escape from the gut and cause a lethal systemic disease with multi-organ involvement, in classical cases accompanied by accumulation of abdominal exudate (ascites; reviewed by de Groot & Horzinek,1995;Haijema et al., 2007;Pedersen, 2009).There is genetic and animal experimental evidence to indicate that the virulent pathotype evolves time and time again from the avirulent one by mutation in individual infected cats. Comparative sequence analysis of FCoV laboratory strains and field variants revealed that FECVs and FIPVs come in genetically closely related pairs, more identical to each other than to other FCoVs (Herrewegh et al., 1995b;Pedersen et al., 1981;Poland et al., 1996;Vennema et al., 1998). Direct support for the 'internal mutation' hypothesis comes from an experiment in which cats with an immunosuppressive feline immunodeficiency virus infection were superinfected with FECV. A number of these animals developed FIP in response. The (systemic) virus variants isolated from the diseased cats were isogenic to the original FECV strain yet, unlike the parental virus, induced FIP readily when inoculated into specific-pathogen-free cats (Poland et al., 1996;Vennema et al., 1998); virulence thus appears to be an acquired gene...

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“…A reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR was performed in order to detect RNA of FCoV in the blood and brain tissue samples as described previously by Simons et al [14] .…”

Section: Case Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Türkiye’de Bir Kedide Göz Lezyonlarıyla Belirgin Feline Enfeksiyöz Peritonitis Olgusu

Baydar¹,

Eröksüz²,

Timurkan³

et al. 2014

Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg

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An approximately 2-year old domestic short hair female cat weighting 2.750g was presented to Firat University Veterinary Teaching Hospital with a history of depression, anorexia and weight loss for the last 15 days. Clinical examination revealed incoordination, hyperaesthesia, circling, head tilt, posterior paraparesis, absence of the pupillary reflex in both eyes, opisthotonus and anisocoria. Blood samples were examined for hematological, RT-PCR and biochemical analyses. The cat died without any improvement of clinical findings although symptomatic treatment was made. Necropsy revealed that distinct ocular lesions such as hyphema and thick proteinous exudate accumulation in vitreous in both eyes. Microscopically; there was pyogranulomatous vasculitis in meninges, sclera, corpus ciliare choroid, retina was partially detached in the right eye with retinal epithelial hypertrophy. The kidneys contained focal subcapsular, gray to yellow raised nodules varying from 3 to 10 mm in diameter, and there was discrete fatty degeneration in the liver. The RT-PCR revealed that RNA for FCoV was positive in the blood sample. As a result; the non-effusive form of FIP with distinct ocular involvement was diagnosed through clinical, pathological and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) findings. Keywords: Anisocoria, Cat, Eye, Feline infectious peritonitis, Hyphema Türkiye'de Bir Kedide Göz Lezyonlarıyla Belirgin Feline Enfeksiyöz Peritonitis Olgusu ÖzetFırat Üniversitesi Hayvan Hastanesi'ne onbeş gündür süren depresyon, anoreksi ve canlı ağırlık kaybı şikayetiyle yaklaşık 2 yaşında ve 2.750 g ağırlığında, evcil, kısa tüylü dişi bir kedi getirildi. Klinik muayenede inkoordinasyon, hiperestezi, dönme, başı eğme, posterior paraparesis, her iki gözde pupilla refleksinin olmayışı, opistotonus ve anizokori belirlendi. Hematolojik, biyokimyasal ve RT-PCR analizleri için kan örnekleri alındı. Semptomatik tedaviye rağmen klinik bulgularda hiçbir iyileşme olmaksızın kedi öldü. Nekropside, her iki gözde vitreusta yoğun protein tabiatında eksudat birikimi ve hifem'le belirgin oküler lezyonlar ortaya konuldu. Mikroskobik olarak; meninkslerde, sklerada ve korpus silyar koroidde pyogranulomatoz vaskülitis gözlenirken sağ gözde ise retina, kısmen ayrılmış olarak epitelyal hipertrofili şekilde belirlendi. Böbrekler fokal subkapsular 3-10 mm çapına kadar değişen gri-sarı nodülller içeriyordu ve karaciğerde farklı yerlerde yağ dejenerasyonu vardı. Kan örneğinde RT-PCR ile FCoV nükleik asiti pozitif olarak tespit edildi. Sonuç olarak; klinik, patolojik ve RT-PCR bulgularına göre göz lezyonlarıyla belirgin non-efüzif feline infeksiyöz peritonitis tanısı konuldu.

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A mRNA PCR for the diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis

Cited by 92 publications

References 25 publications

Comparison of Serologic Techniques for the Detection of Antibodies against Feline Coronaviruses

Comparison of Serologic Techniques for the Detection of Antibodies against Feline Coronaviruses

Feline infectious peritonitis: insights into feline coronavirus pathobiogenesis and epidemiology based on genetic analysis of the viral 3c gene

Türkiye’de Bir Kedide Göz Lezyonlarıyla Belirgin Feline Enfeksiyöz Peritonitis Olgusu

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