A multi-endpoint approach to the combined toxic effects of patulin and ochratoxin a in human intestinal cells

Assunção, Ricardo; Pinhão, Mariana; Loureiro, Susana; Alvito, Paula; Silva, Maria João

doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.06.002

Cited by 33 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Most of the combined mycotoxin tests were done using binary or tertiary systems, and some of them are summarized in Table 3. Intestinal cell lines (e.g., Caco-2 or IPEC-J2) or gastric cell lines (e.g., NCI-N87) are widely used in cytotoxicity and transportation assays because the first host defense barrier against per os mycotoxin exposure is the gastrointestinal wall (Wang et al, 2018;Assunção et al, 2019). In order to describe the chronic-combined toxicological effects more accurately, further experimental data are needed, where sub-toxic mycotoxin concentrations should also be tested to simulate real food consumption habits.…”

Section: Combined Effects Of Mycotoxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicological and Medical Aspects of Aspergillus-Derived Mycotoxins Entering the Feed and Food Chain

et al. 2020

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Background: A atoxins are major contaminants of feed used in poultry industry that negatively affect animal and human health. In Ethiopia, previous studies on a atoxins mainly considered cattle feed and milk, but scarce information exists for poultry feeds. Method: The aim of this study was to determine the burden of a atoxin in poultry feed in bishoftu.Cross sectional study was conducted from December, 2018 to May, 2019and 33 compound poultry feed samples were randomly collected from chicken rearing villages of Bishoftuand analyzed for G2, G1, B2 , B1 and total a atoxins using HPLC. Results: The result indicated thatfrom a total of 33 samples 31(94%) samples were contaminated with a atoxin. The mean level of a atoxin G2, G1, B2, B1 and total a atoxinswere 18.00 µg/g, 88.5499 µg/g, 13.50µg/g, 70.11µg/g and 190.18µg/g respectively. This study curtained the level of a atoxinin 25 (72.75%) samples for AFT and 22 (66.67%) samples for AFB1 were above the limit of FDA regulatory levels of 20µg/g for poultry feed. Conclusion: The study showed the high contamination of a atoxins in poultry feed. The study warrants the need for preventive strategies of a atoxin contamination including implementation of regulatory legislation in poultry feeds in Bishoftu.

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Section: Combined Effects Of Mycotoxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicological and Medical Aspects of Aspergillus-Derived Mycotoxins Entering the Feed and Food Chain

et al. 2020

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“…ZEN-induced cell death was confirmed in IPEC-J2, IPEC-1, and human colon carcinoma cells (HCT116 cells) [ 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 ]. FB1, PAT, and CTN induced cell death and apoptosis in the human colon proliferating intestinal cell line (HT-29), Caco-2 cell, and HCT116 cell [ 93 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 98 , 126 , 127 ]. These studies showed that mycotoxins caused intestinal epithelial cell death, resulting in damage to the intestinal physical barrier.…”

Section: Intestinal Dysfunction Induced By Mycotoxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Compromised Intestinal Barrier Induced by Mycotoxins

Gao

Meng

Liu

et al. 2020

Toxins

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Mycotoxins are fungal metabolites that occur in human foods and animal feeds, potentially threatening human and animal health. The intestine is considered as the first barrier against these external contaminants, and it consists of interconnected physical, chemical, immunological, and microbial barriers. In this context, based on in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models, we summarize the literature for compromised intestinal barrier issues caused by various mycotoxins, and we reviewed events related to disrupted intestinal integrity (physical barrier), thinned mucus layer (chemical barrier), imbalanced inflammatory factors (immunological barrier), and dysfunctional bacterial homeostasis (microbial barrier). We also provide important information on deoxynivalenol, a leading mycotoxin implicated in intestinal dysfunction, and other adverse intestinal effects induced by other mycotoxins, including aflatoxins and ochratoxin A. In addition, intestinal perturbations caused by mycotoxins may also contribute to the development of mycotoxicosis, including human chronic intestinal inflammatory diseases. Therefore, we provide a clear understanding of compromised intestinal barrier induced by mycotoxins, with a view to potentially develop innovative strategies to prevent and treat mycotoxicosis. In addition, because of increased combinatorial interactions between mycotoxins, we explore the interactive effects of multiple mycotoxins in this review.

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“…One urine sample contained only one mycotoxin, while 20 combinations of two or up to seven mycotoxin urinary biomarkers were observed; more than 70% of the urines contained ve or more different mycotoxins. Complex mixture toxicology remains poorly examined though several groups have recently examined combined effects in vitro [47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,44,45], with animal studies being more limited [58,59]. These studies remain hard to interpret for public health decisions, but some suggest more than additive effects, thus the mixtures reported here and elsewhere highlight signi cant knowledge gaps.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Assessment of urinary biomarkers of mycotoxin exposure in adults from Cameroon

Abia

Tchana

Djonabaye

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background In Cameroon dietary staples are contaminated with diverse toxic fungal metabolites, known as mycotoxins. Aflatoxins and fumonisins are of particular public health concern, particularly in relation to cancer and/or early life stunting. Mixtures of these toxins are predicted from food measures, and in this work, the levels and frequencies of urinary mycotoxin biomarkers are reported in Cameroonian adults. Methods A single first void urine sample was collected from 89 adults (aged range: 28–85, male 39, female 50) from the city of Yaoundé, Centre Region, Cameroon. Urines were tested for eight distinct mycotoxins using measures of both parent compounds and/or their metabolites by Liquid Chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Results Altogether seven distinct mycotoxins, aflatoxin, fumonisin, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, nivalenol, ochratoxin A and citrinin, (or their metabolites) were observed in urine samples. At least one mycotoxin was detected in all of the urine samples, 87 (97.8%) of which were above the method’s quantification limit. Aflatoxin M1 was detected in 42% (n.d. − 0.21 µg L− 1) of samples of which about a quarter additionally contained fumonisin B1. Of the remaining toxins deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, ochratoxin A, nivalenol and citrinin were present in 78%, 99% 95%, 53%, and 87% of the samples respectively. Alternariol was not detected in any sample. Mixtures of mycotoxins in the samples were frequently observed with 64 samples (72%) containing more than five mycotoxins. Estimates of intake exceeded the TDIs for fumonisin (n = 4), deoxynivalenol (n = 1) and zearalenone (n = 2), no TDI is set for aflatoxin. Conclusions This study reveals frequent co-exposure of Cameroonian individuals to a complex mixture of toxic and carcinogenic mycotoxins, with mixtures of aflatoxin and fumonisin a particular priority from a public health standpoint.

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A multi-endpoint approach to the combined toxic effects of patulin and ochratoxin a in human intestinal cells

Cited by 33 publications

References 72 publications

Toxicological and Medical Aspects of Aspergillus-Derived Mycotoxins Entering the Feed and Food Chain

Toxicological and Medical Aspects of Aspergillus-Derived Mycotoxins Entering the Feed and Food Chain

The Compromised Intestinal Barrier Induced by Mycotoxins

Assessment of urinary biomarkers of mycotoxin exposure in adults from Cameroon

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