A Multi-Layer Security Scheme for Mitigating Smart Grid Vulnerability against Faults and Cyber-Attacks

Abstract

To comply with electric power grid automation strategies, new cyber-security protocols and protection are required. What we now experience is a new type of protection against new disturbances namely cyber-attacks. In the same vein, the impact of disturbances arising from faults or cyber-attacks should be surveyed by network vulnerability criteria alone. It is clear that the diagnosis of vulnerable points protects the power grid against disturbances that would inhibit outages such as blackouts. So, the first step is determining the network vulnerable points, and then proposing a support method to deal with these outages. This research proposes a comprehensive approach to deal with outages by determining network vulnerable points due to physical faults and cyber-attacks. The first point, the network vulnerable points against network faults are covered by microgrids. As the second one, a new cyber-security protocol named multi-layer security is proposed in order to prevent targeted cyber-attacks. The first layer is a cyber-security-based blockchain method that plays a general role. The second layer is a cyber-security-based reinforcement-learning method, which supports the vulnerable points by monitoring data. On the other hand, the trend of solving problems becomes routine when no ambiguity arises in different sections of the smart grid, while it is far from a big network’s realities. Hence, the impact of uncertainty parameters on the proposed framework needs to be considered. Accordingly, the unscented transform method is modeled in this research. The simulation results illustrate that applying such a comprehensive approach can greatly pull down the probability of blackouts.

Blockchain-Enabled Smart Grid Applications: Architecture, Challenges, and Solutions

“…[127] AMI A quantum key distribution-based secure key transmission is proposed for increasing the security of smart meters against cyber-attacks [128] Applicable to all A multi-layer protocol is proposed to enhance the cyber-security of SG applications.…”

An Effective Hybrid-Energy Framework for Grid Vulnerability Alleviation under Cyber-Stealthy Intrusions

“…On this basis, the FDI attack, by means of injecting incorrect information into the system as defined by ( 14), is launched, with an arbitrary performance targeted defined as in (15). Attack assessment is checked by constraint (16). In other words, assume that a system will reach an acceptable solution F given the injection of accurately measured data w t to the system model f () at time t, as shown in (14).…”

“…In recent years, the widespread blackouts in the United States made an impression on a vast number of customers. To avoid future repetition of such cases, grid operation must be examined from a vulnerability analysis perspective [16]. Such an analysis can help in the development of the weak and susceptible points in a system, protecting against all contingencies to establish an invulnerable grid [17].…”

A Comprehensive Review on Sustainable Aspects of Big Data Analytics for the Smart Grid

“…Environmental, organisational structure, society, administration and communication and corporate governance practises to prevent data theft, unfairness and work overload provide opportunity factors for employees to engage in data theft [111]. To solve this challenge, new cyber security procedures are needed to identify vulnerable locations in the smart grid and prevent power disruptions [112]. The data-driven approaches are ideal for complicated grids with large datasets.…”