A multi‐residue method for 17 anticoccidial drugs and ractopamine in animal tissues by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry and time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry

Abstract

A new and sensitive multi-residue liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and liquid chromatographyquadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (LC-QToF-MS) method was developed and validated for the determination and confirmation of residues of 17 anticoccidials, plus free ractopamine in poultry muscle and liver, and bovine muscle, liver, and kidney tissues. The 17 anticoccidials are lasalocid, halofuginone, narasin, monensin, semduramicin, ethopabate, robenidine, buquinolate, toltrazuril as its sulfone metabolite, maduramicin, salinomycin, diclazuril, amprolium, decoquinate, dinitolmide, clopidol, and the nicarbazin metabolite DNC (N,N1-bis(4-nitrophenyl)urea). The analytes were extracted and cleaned up within a 3-hour period by simply extracting the analytes into a solvent mixture with salts followed by centrifugation, dilution, and filtration. The validated method was used in a pilot study for the analysis of 173 samples that included quail liver, bovine kidney, liver, muscle, and horse muscle. The predominant residues found in this study were monensin, ractopamine, and lasalocid. The results of this pilot study showed that this new method is applicable to real samples, and is fit for use in a regulatory testing programme.

Development of monoclonal antibody-based colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay for analysis of halofuginone in milk

“…Illegal use and failure to comply with specified withdrawal periods before human consumption may result in drug residues in edible animal tissues, posing a potential health risk to consumers. Numerous methods, including high performance liquid chromatography (Amelin & Timofeev, 2016;Barreto, Ribeiro, Hoff, & Dalla Costa, 2017;Clarke et al, 2013), gas chromatography (Ekstrom & Kuivinen, 1984;Newkirk & Barnes, 1989), and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (Matus & Boison, 2016;Pietruk, Olejnik, Jedziniak, & Szprengier-Juszkiewicz, 2015), have been used for the determination of coccidiostats in milk, eggs, and animal tissue have been reported. Although sensitive and specific, because these methods are rather time-consuming and require complicated sample preparation and expensive instruments, they are unsuitable for screening large numbers of samples (Khaemba et al, 2016;Kong et al, 2017;Liu, Suryoprabowo, Zheng, Song, & Kuang, 2017;Peng, Liu, Kuang, Cui, & Xu, 2017).…”

Comprehensive stability‐indicating high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection method for simultaneous determination of amprolium hydrochloride and ethopabate in powder dosage form for veterinary use

“…Moreover, spectrofluorimetric and several spectrophotometric methods have been described [10][11][12][13]. The residual determination of AMP and EPB in different food products along with other anticoccidial drugs has been carried out using HPLC-MS/MS [14][15][16][17].…”

Determination of metoserpate, buquinolate, and diclofenac in pork, eggs, and milk using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

“…Established methods for buquinolate analysis include thinlayer chromatography (TLC) (Hammond & Weston, 1969) and highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for animal feeds (Brian, 1990;Hobson-Frohock, 1982), and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for chicken, swine, cattle, sheep, and eggs (Nakajima et al, 2011). In 2016, a multi-residue method for 17 anticoccidials (including buquinolate) in quail liver, bovine kidney, liver and muscle, and horse muscle was reported (Matus & Boison, 2016). Several analytical methods for diclofenac in milk (Dubreil-Chéneau et al, 2011), pig serum (Chang et al, 2015), and bovine milk and tissue (Miller et al, 2015) using LC-MS/MS have been reported.…”