A Multi‐Wall Sn/SnO₂@Carbon Hollow Nanofiber Anode Material for High‐Rate and Long‐Life Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Abstract

Multi‐wall Sn/SnO2@carbon hollow nanofibers evolved from SnO2 nanofibers are designed and programable synthesized by electrospinning, polypyrrole coating, and annealing reduction. The synthesized hollow nanofibers have a special wire‐in‐double‐wall‐tube structure with larger specific surface area and abundant inner spaces, which can provide effective contacting area of electrolyte with electrode materials and more active sites for redox reaction. It shows excellent cycling stability by virtue of effectively alleviating pulverization of tin‐based electrode materials caused by volume expansion. Even after 2000 cycles, the wire‐in‐double‐wall‐tube Sn/SnO2@carbon nanofibers exhibit a high specific capacity of 986.3 mAh g−1 (1 A g−1) and still maintains 508.2 mAh g−1 at high current density of 5 A g−1. This outstanding electrochemical performance suggests the multi‐wall Sn/SnO2@ carbon hollow nanofibers are great promising for high performance energy storage systems.

Designing Hierarchical Porous ZnO/ZnFe2O4 Hybrid Nanofibers with Robust Core/Shell Heterostructure as Competitive Anodes for Efficient Lithium Storage

“…Such a remarkable hierarchical meso/macroporous feature can not only facilitate fast ion/mass transport in ZnO/ZFO hybrids, but offer requisite void space to buffer the larger volume expansion of ZnO/ZFO anodes during cycling, resulting in remarkable rate performance, especially at higher rates. [ 18,30–32 ]…”

Flexible yet Robust Framework of Tin(II) Oxide Carbodiimide for Reversible Lithium Storage

“…The rate performance of Sn 2 O(CN 2 )/GN electrode at different current densities of 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 A g −1 displays the average specific capacities recorded as 1064, 1015, 964, 915, 828 and 735 mAh g −1 , respectively (Figure 4 c). To appreciate this, the specific gravimetric rate performance of Sn 2 O(CN 2 )/GN anode is compared with a series of advanced SnO 2 ‐based anodes (Figure 5 a), and Sn 2 O(CN 2 )/GN prevails at high current densities [28–35] . Long‐term cycling stability shows a stable and reversible capacity of 758 mAh g −1 at 2.0 A g −1 and 978 mAh g −1 at 1.0 A g −1 after 300 cycles (Figure 4 b).…”

Recent Developments of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures for High‐Rate Lithium Ion Batteries

“…Increased contact area will increase the number of active sites, which can improve the specific capacity of electrode for lithium ions. [37] Nanoparticles supress the volume variation during the intercalation and de-intercalation of lithium ions.…”