A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial of a Nutrition Intervention Program in a Multiethnic Adult Population in the Corporate Setting Reduces Depression and Anxiety and Improves Quality of Life: The GEICO Study

Agarwal, Ulka; Mishra, Suruchi; Xu, Jin; Levin, Susan; Gonzales, J.; Barnard, Neal D.

doi:10.4278/ajhp.130218-quan-72

Cited by 103 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…The observed association of dairy intake and depression risk is less clear and is likely also to be affected by reverse causality. These results are partly in line with previous work, including work showing a vegan diet improved depression in the general population ( 59 ). A whole food plant-based diet has been recommended for people with MS and more widely for general health ( 60 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Longitudinal Associations of Modifiable Lifestyle Factors With Positive Depression-Screen Over 2.5-Years in an International Cohort of People Living With Multiple Sclerosis

et al. 2018

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Background: Depression is common and has a significant impact on quality of life for many people with multiple sclerosis (MS). A preventive management approach via modification of lifestyle risk factors holds potential benefits. We examined the relationship between modifiable lifestyle factors and depression risk and the change in depression over 2.5 years.Methods: Sample recruited using online platforms. 2,224 (88.9%) at baseline and 1,309 (93.4%) at 2.5 years follow up completed the necessary survey data. Depression risk was measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2) at baseline and Patient Health Questionniare-9 (PHQ-9) at 2.5-years follow-up. Multivariable regression models assessed the relationships between lifestyle factors and depression risk, adjusted for sex, age, fatigue, disability, antidepressant medication use, and baseline depression score, as appropriate.Results: The prevalence of depression risk at 2.5-years follow-up in this cohort was 14.5% using the PHQ-2 and 21.7% using the PHQ-9. Moderate alcohol intake, being a non-smoker, diet quality, no meat or dairy intake, vitamin D supplementation, omega 3 supplement use, regular exercise, and meditation at baseline were associated with lower frequencies of positive depression-screen 2.5 years later. Moderate alcohol intake was associated with greater likelihood of becoming depression-free and a lower likelihood of becoming depressed at 2.5-years follow-up. Meditating at least once a week was associated with a decreased frequency of losing depression risk, against our expectation. After adjusting for potential confounders, smoking, diet, physical activity, and vitamin D and omega-3 supplementation were not associated with a change in risk for depression.Conclusion: In a large prospective cohort study of people with MS and depression, in line with the emerging treatment paradigm of early intervention, these results suggest a role for some lifestyle factors in depression risk. Further studies should endeavor to explore the impact of positive lifestyle change and improving depression in people living with MS.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Longitudinal Associations of Modifiable Lifestyle Factors With Positive Depression-Screen Over 2.5-Years in an International Cohort of People Living With Multiple Sclerosis

et al. 2018

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“…For instance, TSAI and co-workers (2012) reported that vegetables, but not fruit, were protective against depressive syndrome in older Taiwanese people. In clinical trials also, vegan diets have improved mental health (KATCHER et al, 2010) and decreased anxiety (AGARWAL et al, 2014). The reason that we did not fi nd an association between vegetable dietary pattern and psychological distress may be the method of cooking vegetables.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Associations between Western and Mediterranean-type dietary patterns and anxiety and stress

Kamali¹,

Dastsouz²,

Sadeghi³

et al. 2016

Acta Alimentaria

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In this study we investigated the relationship between dietary patterns and anxiety and stress in adults living in Shiraz, Iran. In a cross-sectional design, 416 subjects (180 men and 236 women) aged 20 to 50 years were selected by stratifi ed multistage random sampling. Dietary intakes were assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Mental health information was collected by depression, anxiety and stress scale (DASS) questionnaire. Three major dietary patterns were extracted by factor analysis: vegetable, Western, and Mediterraneantype dietary patterns. Regression analysis showed a strong positive association between Western dietary pattern and anxiety (β=0.66; 95% CI: 0.03, 1.28), and stress (β=0.84; 95% CI: 0.1, 1.57). Also, there was an inverse association between Mediterranean-type dietary pattern and anxiety (β= -0.81; 95% CI: -1.43, -0.19). These associations remained statistically signifi cant even after adjustments for demographic characteristics, physical activity, smoking, body mass index, and energy intake. No association was found between vegetable dietary pattern and any of the assessed psychiatric disorders.

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“…Therefore prospective randomized controlled studies on dietary effects are needed, with one starting at the moment in Australia [90]. In a quasi-experimental study, which examined the impact of a vegan diet on emotional well-being and productivity a weekly dietary instruction for 18 weeks resulted in an improvement in depression, anxiety, and productivity in 292 individuals [94]. Interestingly, vegetarians reported better mood than omnivores despite their negligible intake of EPA/DHA [96,97], which has also been confirmed in a parallel arm, interventional two-week randomized controlled trial [96,97] on a 2 week subclinical level in healthy volunteers who consumed vegetarian food [96,97].…”

Section: Association Studies Between Depression and Dietary Habitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional Aspects of Depression

Lang

Beglinger

Schweinfurth

et al. 2015

Cell Physiol Biochem

216

134

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Several nutrition, food and dietary compounds have been suggested to be involved in the onset and maintenance of depressive disorders and in the severity of depressive symptoms. Nutritional compounds might modulate depression associated biomarkers and parallel the development of depression, obesity and diabetes. In this context, recent studies revealed new mediators of both energy homeostasis and mood changes (i.e. IGF-1, NPY, BDNF, ghrelin, leptin, CCK, GLP-1, AGE, glucose metabolism and microbiota) acting in gut brain circuits. In this context several healthy foods such as olive oil, fish, fruits, vegetables, nuts, legumes, poultry, dairy and unprocessed meat have been inversely associated with depression risk and even have been postulated to improve depressive symptoms. In contrast, unhealthy western dietary patterns including the consumption of sweetened beverage, refined food, fried food, processed meat, refined grain, and high fat diary, biscuits, snacking and pastries have been shown to be associated with an increased risk of depression in longitudinal studies. However, it is always difficult to conclude a real prospective causal relationship from these mostly retrospective studies as depressed individuals might also change their eating habits secondarily to their depression. Additionally specific selected nutritional compounds, e.g. calcium, chromium, folate, PUFAs, vitamin D, B12, zinc, magnesium and D-serine have been postulated to be used as ad-on strategies in antidepressant treatment. In this context, dietary and lifestyle interventions may be a desirable, effective, pragmatical and non-stigmatizing prevention and treatment strategy for depression. At last, several medications (pioglitazone, metformin, exenatide, atorvastatin, gram-negative antibiotics), which have traditionally been used to treat metabolic disorders showed a certain potential to treat depression in first randomized controlled clinical trials.

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A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial of a Nutrition Intervention Program in a Multiethnic Adult Population in the Corporate Setting Reduces Depression and Anxiety and Improves Quality of Life: The GEICO Study

Abstract: A dietary intervention improves depression, anxiety, and productivity in a multicenter, corporate setting.

Cited by 103 publications

References 57 publications

Longitudinal Associations of Modifiable Lifestyle Factors With Positive Depression-Screen Over 2.5-Years in an International Cohort of People Living With Multiple Sclerosis

Longitudinal Associations of Modifiable Lifestyle Factors With Positive Depression-Screen Over 2.5-Years in an International Cohort of People Living With Multiple Sclerosis

Associations between Western and Mediterranean-type dietary patterns and anxiety and stress

Nutritional Aspects of Depression

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