Background:The risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) increases with age. The objective was to determine whether lifestyle and dietary behaviors and anthropometric measures, which are affected by these behaviors, contribute to the increase of CVD risk factors across age categories of 20–50-year-old.Methods:In a cross-sectional design, 437 adults aged 20–50-year-old were selected from households living in Shiraz. Risk factors of CVD, including body mass index (BMI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), blood pressure, fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C and HDL-C, respectively) as well as lifestyle behaviors (physical activity and smoking), dietary habits, and food intakes were assessed across the age categories of 20–29, 30–39, and 40–50 years. Linear regression was used to examine the contribution of different variables to the age-related increase of CVD risk factors.Results:All CVD risk factors, except for HDL-C, significantly increased across age categories. Older subjects had healthier dietary habits and food intakes, but they possessed nonsignificantly lower physical activity and higher smoking rate compared to younger adults. Adjusting for physical activity, smoking, and BMI did not change the significant positive association between age and CVD risk factors but adjusting for WHtR disappeared associations for blood pressure, triglycerides, and metabolic syndrome although significant associations remained for FBG and total and LDL-C.Conclusions:Age-related increase of CVD risk factors occurred independent of lifestyle habits. WHtR, but not BMI, may partially contribute to the age-related increase in CVD risk factors.

In this study we investigated the relationship between dietary patterns and anxiety and stress in adults living in Shiraz, Iran. In a cross-sectional design, 416 subjects (180 men and 236 women) aged 20 to 50 years were selected by stratifi ed multistage random sampling. Dietary intakes were assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Mental health information was collected by depression, anxiety and stress scale (DASS) questionnaire. Three major dietary patterns were extracted by factor analysis: vegetable, Western, and Mediterraneantype dietary patterns. Regression analysis showed a strong positive association between Western dietary pattern and anxiety (β=0.66; 95% CI: 0.03, 1.28), and stress (β=0.84; 95% CI: 0.1, 1.57). Also, there was an inverse association between Mediterranean-type dietary pattern and anxiety (β= -0.81; 95% CI: -1.43, -0.19). These associations remained statistically signifi cant even after adjustments for demographic characteristics, physical activity, smoking, body mass index, and energy intake. No association was found between vegetable dietary pattern and any of the assessed psychiatric disorders.

Background: High blood pressure is known as a major risk factor for myocardial infarction and renal impairment. Various factors, including the pattern of food intake and physical activity, are effective in the incidence of hypertension. Objectives: This study aimed at evaluating the relationship between dietary factors and hypertension in Hormozgan Province, South of Iran. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on 5075 adults aged more than 18 years from Hormozgan in 2016. Samples were selected through cluster sampling and randomly. The subjects’ information, including demographic information, dietary intake, anthropometric status, and blood pressure, were collected. Results: The high blood pressure in men was higher than in women. There was a significant relationship between systolic and diastolic blood pressure and age, body mass index, wrist and waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio. There was a statistically significant reverse relationship between hypertension and fruits intake, dairy products, fish, and decrease meat and nonalcoholic drink consumption. Conclusions: Regarding the high prevalence of hypertension among people and its strong association with food intake, improving dietary patterns should be considered as an essential preventive action.

Background: Although cigarette smoking is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), smoking cessation has considerable effects on the reduction of mortality and incidence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This study was done to examine the effect of tobacco smoking status and its short-term outcomes after AMI. Materials and Methods: In this longitudinal study, 96 patients smoking tobacco products (cigarette and waterpipe) within the age range of 30-70 years who had undergone angiography following the first AMI were evaluated. The patients were evaluated at three time points in terms of tobacco smoking status, additional myocardial infarction (MI), hospitalization due to cardiac events, and some other variables. Data collection was done using a checklist and phone calls. Results: The mean age of the patients was 52.99±9.2 years. Six months following the first MI, more than 60% of the patients had ceased their tobacco smoking, but over time and at the end of the study, this value diminished, especially in waterpipe smokers. The chance of hospitalization among the men younger than 54 years who were not smokers at the baseline was 0.801. On the other hand, this chance for men below 54 years who smoked 1-10 cigarettes per day was 4.75 times higher (OR=4.747, P=0.002). In addition, men younger than 54 years who smoked waterpipe twice or more per day were hospitalized 31 times more frequently compared to the men who did not smoke waterpipe (P=0.001, OR=31.112). Conclusion: Not smoking cigarettes or waterpipe over time would considerably reduce the chance of hospitalization due to CVD.