Increased waist-to-height ratio may contribute to age-related increase in cardiovascular risk factors

Abstract

Background:The risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) increases with age. The objective was to determine whether lifestyle and dietary behaviors and anthropometric measures, which are affected by these behaviors, contribute to the increase of CVD risk factors across age categories of 20–50-year-old.Methods:In a cross-sectional design, 437 adults aged 20–50-year-old were selected from households living in Shiraz. Risk factors of CVD, including body mass index (BMI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), blood pressure, fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C and HDL-C, respectively) as well as lifestyle behaviors (physical activity and smoking), dietary habits, and food intakes were assessed across the age categories of 20–29, 30–39, and 40–50 years. Linear regression was used to examine the contribution of different variables to the age-related increase of CVD risk factors.Results:All CVD risk factors, except for HDL-C, significantly increased across age categories. Older subjects had healthier dietary habits and food intakes, but they possessed nonsignificantly lower physical activity and higher smoking rate compared to younger adults. Adjusting for physical activity, smoking, and BMI did not change the significant positive association between age and CVD risk factors but adjusting for WHtR disappeared associations for blood pressure, triglycerides, and metabolic syndrome although significant associations remained for FBG and total and LDL-C.Conclusions:Age-related increase of CVD risk factors occurred independent of lifestyle habits. WHtR, but not BMI, may partially contribute to the age-related increase in CVD risk factors.

Cardiovascular risk factors in adults with coarctation of the aorta

“…Cardiovascular risk factors were prevalent in our study, especially considering that our patients were relatively young, with a median age of 43.5 years. There was a trend of an increasing number of cardiovascular risk factors with increasing age (Figure ), which is in line with studies on cardiovascular risk factors in patients without congenital heart disease …”

“…(Figure 3), which is in line with studies on cardiovascular risk factors in patients without congenital heart disease. 31 The participants in our study had a lower BMI, waist circumference, and smoked less compared to participants in an epidemiological study on the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in the general population in the Skaraborg region in Sweden (mean age of participants: 46 years). 32 However, the mean systolic blood pressure was higher in our patients.…”

Flaxseed oil in the context of a weight loss programme ameliorates fatty liver grade in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomised double-blind controlled trial

“…Weight, waist circumference and blood pressure (Beurer BM 44, Beurer GmbH) were measured four times: At the beginning of the trial and the end of each month of the intervention. Weight was measured with minimal clothing to the nearest 0•1 kg using a digital scale (Glamor BS − 801, Hitachi) (24) . Height was estimated with the precision of 0•5 cm by using a non-stretchable tape fixed on a wall.…”

Effect of natural honey on glycemic control and anthropometric measures of patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled crossover trial

“…Anthropometric characteristics were assessed by a single investigator in order to reduce erroneous measurements, as described previously. [17] Diet was evaluated by 3-day 24-h diet recall. Nutrient composition of the consumed foods was determined by Nutritionist IV version 3.5.2 (Hearst Corp., San Bruno, CA) using the US Department of Agriculture Food Composition Databases with additions for Iranian foods.…”