“…The low-specificity exhibited by these hybrid trimers suggests the need for chaperone intervention during transit across the periplasmic space. Future experiments utilising the immunoglobulin binding properties of EibD (Sandt and Hill, 2000, Leo and Goldman, 2009b Virulence factors targeted in these trials have included capsule polysaccharides (Kumar et al, 2005, Straube et al, 1986, O-antigen (Uehling and Wolf, 1969, Russo et al, 2007, Billips et al, 2009, Russo et al, 2009), α-haemolysin (O'Hanley et al, 1991, Moriel et al, 2010, Smith et al, 2015, CNF-1 (Smith et al, 2015), iron acquisition receptors (Russo et al, 2003, Wieser et al, 2010, Wieser et al, 2012, Durant et al, 2007, Alteri et al, 2009) and fimbrial adhesins (Langermann et al, 1997, Langermann et al, 2000, Goluszko et al, 2005, Roberts et al, 2004. Despite these extensive efforts, there is still no effective vaccine against UPEC.…”