A multifunctional nanodiamond-based nanoplatform for the enhanced mild-temperature photothermal/chemo combination therapy of triple negative breast cancer via an autophagy regulation strategy

Abstract

Due to the aggressive biological behavior, lacking of specific targets and unconquered therapeutic resistance of Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC), current therapeutic strategies were still limited. Combining multiple treatments have...

Naphthofluorescein-based organic nanoparticles with superior stability for near-infrared photothermal therapy

“…Silica gel (200 to 300 mesh) was used for flash column chromatography. 1 H NMR spectroscopy was performed on a 400 MHz Varian using Me 4 Si as the internal standard. 13 C NMR spectroscopy was performed on a 100 MHz Varian.…”

“…The yield was 30.75 mg, 30%. 1 The same process was carried out as described above for NF-1. The target compound was separated by flash column chromatography on silica gel, and eluted using CH 2 Cl 2 : MeOH = 100 : 1.…”

“…Photothermal therapy (PTT) is largely favored in cancer therapy due to its noninvasiveness and deeper penetration with little damage to adjacent normal tissues. [1][2][3][4] PTT employs photothermal agents (PTAs) to convert harvested light into thermal energy, generating hyperthermia in tumor tissues. 5,6 To achieve the desired therapeutic effect, PTAs are required with the following characteristics: (i) biosafety; (ii) strong nearinfrared (NIR) absorption (λ = 700-900 nm) for deep tissue penetration, preferably at 808 nm to coordinate with common PTT laser excitation; (iii) outstanding photostability; (iv) excellent photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE); and (v) favorable nonradiative transitions to generate heat.…”

“…5,6 To achieve the desired therapeutic effect, PTAs are required with the following characteristics: (i) biosafety; (ii) strong nearinfrared (NIR) absorption (λ = 700-900 nm) for deep tissue penetration, preferably at 808 nm to coordinate with common PTT laser excitation; (iii) outstanding photostability; (iv) excellent photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE); and (v) favorable nonradiative transitions to generate heat. 1,7 In recent years, many kinds of inorganic PTAs have been developed vigorously, [8][9][10][11][12] including those based on gold nanostructures, 13 carbon materials, 14 quantum dots, 15 porous silicon, 16 and semiconductor nanoparticles. 17 In comparison with inorganic materials, a preponderance of organic PTAs (e.g., cyanine dyes, 18 porphyrins, 19 phthalocyanine, 20 diketopyrrolopyrroles, 7 BODIPY, 21 and benzobisthiadiazole 22 ), with properties such as flexible modification, satisfactory biocompatibility, low cytotoxicity, and fast body clearance, provide excellent prospects for clinical translation.…”

HSP70s in Breast Cancer: Promoters of Tumorigenesis and Potential Targets/Tools for Therapy

“…For this purpose, the improved techniques of electroporation, antibody-based vectors and also HSP70 inhibitor-loaded microcarriers on the basis of liposomes, nanoparticles, dendrimers and others may be applied. The results obtained on breast cancer-related models with certain kinds of formulation including nanoparticles [ 172 , 173 , 176 , 188 ] seem hopeful, so further research work in those directions may yield a success. Moreover, the approach with targeted delivery is suitable for not only the small molecule inhibitors but also specific gene vectors constructed for the HSP70 downregulation in breast tumors.…”