Bacterial strain SF87T, and additional strains SF80, SF362 and 106-C, isolated from the nematode Steinernema khoisanae, are non-bioluminescent Gram-reaction-negative bacteria that share many of the carbohydrate fermentation reactions recorded for the type strains of recognized
Xenorhabdus
species. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence data, strain SF87T is shown to be closely related (98 % similarity) to
Xenorhabdus hominickii
DSM 17903T. Nucleotide sequences of strain SF87 obtained from the recA, dnaN, gltX, gyrB and infB genes showed 96–97 % similarity with
Xenorhabdus miraniensis
DSM 17902T
. However, strain SF87 shares only 52.7 % DNA–DNA relatedness with the type strain of
X. miraniensis
, confirming that it belongs to a different species. Strains SF87T, SF80, SF362 and 106-C are phenotypically similar to
X. miraniensis
and
X. beddingii
, except that they do not produce acid from aesculin. These strains are thus considered to represent a novel species of the genus
Xenorhabdus
, for which the name
Xenorhabdus
khoisanae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SF87T ( = DSM 25463T = ATCC BAA-2406T).