A multilevel Bayesian meta-analysis of the body inversion effect: Evaluating controversies over headless and sexualized bodies

Griffin, Jason W.; Oswald, Flora

doi:10.3758/s13423-022-02067-3

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…While it may be tempting to speculate on potential reasons why we may have observed this pattern of results, we think it more prudent to emphasize two points, one related to the larger literature describing the body inversion effect and another related to our characterization of the N190. First, regarding prior reports describing inversion effects at the N190, a recent meta-analysis [ 55 ] highlighted the variability in methods and analyses in the ERP literature describing this effect. While they conclude from their meta-analysis that the BIE is a moderately-sized effect, they also determined that it is smaller than the typical effect size for the face inversion effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and another related to our characterization of the N190. First, regarding prior reports describing inversion effects at the N190, a recent meta-analysis [55] highlighted the variability in methods and analyses in the ERP literature describing this effect. While they conclude from their meta-analysis that the BIE is a moderately-sized effect, they also determined that it is smaller than the typical effect size for the face inversion effect.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

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Putting people in context: ERP responses to bodies in natural scenes

Nudnou,

Post,

Saville

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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The N190 is a body-sensitive ERP component that responds to images of human bodies in different poses. In natural settings, bodies vary in posture and appear within complex, cluttered environments, frequently with other people. In many studies, however, such variability is absent. How does the N190 response change when observers see images that incorporate these sources of variability? In two experiments (N = 16 each), we varied the natural appearance of upright and inverted bodies to examine how the N190 amplitude, latency, and the Body-Inversion Effect (BIE) were affected by natural variability. In Experiment 1, we varied the number of people present in upright and inverted naturalistic scenes such that only one body, a subitizable number of bodies, or a “crowd” was present. In Experiment 2, we varied the natural body appearance by presenting bodies either as silhouettes or with photographic detail. Further, we varied the natural background appearance by either removing it or presenting individual bodies within a rich environment. Using component-based analyses of the N190, we found that the number of bodies in a scene reduced the N190 amplitude, but didn’t affect the BIE (Experiment 1). Naturalistic body and background appearance (Experiment 2) also affected the N190, such that component amplitude was dramatically reduced by naturalistic appearance. To complement this analysis, we examined the contribution of spatiotemporal features (i.e., electrode × time point amplitude) via SVM decoding. This technique allows us to examine which timepoints across the entire waveform contribute the most to successful decoding of body orientation in each condition. This analysis revealed that later timepoints (after 300ms) contribute most to successful orientation decoding. These results demonstrate that natural appearance variability affects body processing at the N190 and that later ERP components may make important contributions to body processing in natural scenes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Putting people in context: ERP responses to bodies in natural scenes

Nudnou,

Post,

Saville

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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“…One recent perspective is that facing pairs (dyads) of humans elicit an emergent, holistic percept, one that is more than the sum of its component parts, and that may engage unique perceptual processes. This proposal is supported, for example, by findings that facing dyads are particularly prone to the disrupting effect of in-plane inversion (Papeo, 2020;Papeo et al, 2017), similar to other socially-relevant stimuli such as individual faces (Yin, 1969) and bodies (Gandolfo & Downing, 2020;Griffin & Oswald, 2022;Reed et al, 2003). Indeed, stimulus inversion strongly impairs recognition performance of social stimuli, compared to other objects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…One recent perspective is that facing pairs (dyads) of humans elicits an emergent, holistic percept, one that is more than the sum of its component parts, and that may engage unique perceptual processes. This proposal has been supported, for example, by findings that facing dyads are more readily detected in a visual search task , and that they are particularly prone to the disrupting effects of in-plane inversion (Papeo, 2020;Papeo et al, 2017), a trait they have in common with individual faces (Yin, 1969) and bodies (Gandolfo & Downing, 2020;Griffin & Oswald, 2022;Reed et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Converging evidence that left extrastriate body area supports visual sensitivity to social interactions

Gandolfo

Abassi

Balgova

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Navigating our complex social world requires processing the interactions we observe. Recent psychophysical and neuroimaging studies provide parallel evidence that the human visual system may be attuned to efficiently perceive dyadic interactions. This work implies, but has not yet demonstrated, that activity in body-selective cortical regions causally supports efficient visual perception of interactions. We adopt a multi-method approach to close this important gap. First, using a large fMRI dataset (N=92), we found that the left-hemisphere Extrastriate Body Area (EBA) responds more to face-to-face than non-facing dyads. Second, we replicated a behavioural marker of visual sensitivity to interactions: categorisation of facing dyads is more impaired by inversion than non-facing dyads. Third, we used fMRI-guided transcranial magnetic stimulation to show that online stimulation of the left EBA, but not a nearby control region, abolishes this selective inversion effect. Activity in left EBA, thus, causally supports the efficient perception of social interactions.

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“…This proposal is supported, for example, by findings that facing dyads are particularly prone to the disrupting effect of in-plane inversion, 9,10 similar to other socially relevant stimuli such as individual faces 11 and bodies. [12][13][14] Indeed, stimulus inversion strongly impairs recognition performance of social stimuli, compared with other objects. When a social stimulus (e.g., a face) is presented in its typical, upright position, it is readily detected by virtue of the highly familiar spatial relationships among individual parts (e.g., eyes above the nose and the mouth).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%