A multiresidue method for the analysis of phenols and nitrophenols in the atmosphere

Morville, Stéphane; Scheyer, Anne; Mirabel, Philippe; Millet, Maurice

doi:10.1039/b408756a

Cited by 34 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 24 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Combined with the possibility to process large samples this results in detection limits significantly lower than those of previously published methods (Morville et al, 2004;Cecinato et al, 2005). The detection limit for this method is 0.3 pg m −3 for 2-methyl-4-nitrophenol and 4-methyl-2-nitrophenol.…”

mentioning

confidence: 81%

Method for determination of stable carbon isotope ratio of methylnitrophenols in atmospheric particulate matter

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract.A technique for the measurement of the stable isotope ratio of methylnitrophenols in atmospheric particulate matter is presented. Atmospheric samples from rural and suburban areas were collected for evaluation of the procedure. Particulate matter was collected on quartz fibre filters using dichotomous high volume air samplers. Methylnitrophenols were extracted from the filters using acetonitrile. The sample was then purified using a combination of high-performance liquid chromatography and solid phase extraction. The final solution was then divided into two aliquots. To one aliquot, a derivatising agent, Bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide, was added for Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry analysis. The second half of the sample was stored in a refrigerator. For samples with concentrations exceeding 1 ng µl −1 , the second half of the sample was used for measurement of stable carbon isotope ratios by Gas Chromatography-Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry.The procedure described in this paper provides a method for the analysis of methylnitrophenols in atmospheric particulate matter at concentrations as low as 0.3 pg m −3 and for stable isotope ratios with an accuracy of better than ±0.5 ‰ for concentrations exceeding 100 pg m −3 .In all atmospheric particulate matter samples analysed, 2-methyl-4-nitrophenol was found to be the most abundant methylnitrophenol, with concentrations ranging from the low pg m −3 range in rural areas to more than 200 pg m −3 in some samples from a suburban location.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 81%

Method for determination of stable carbon isotope ratio of methylnitrophenols in atmospheric particulate matter

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…28 All these compounds have been found in the gas phase in significant concentrations. [46][47][48][49] The above considerations could therefore still have a marked influence on J (O 1 D), although the influence of the nitrophenols on NO 2 photolysis is likely to be minor.…”

Section: Atmospheric Implications and Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Near-Ultraviolet Absorption Cross Sections of Nitrophenols and Their Potential Influence on Tropospheric Oxidation Capacity

2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Access to the full text of the published version may require a subscription. HONO, but their gas-phase absorption has not previously been reported. In this study, the absorption cross-sections of 2-nitrophenol, 3-methyl-2-nitrophenol, and 4-methyl-2-nitrophenol were measured from 320 to 450 nm using incoherent broadband cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy (IBBCEAS). RightsThe benzaldehyde absorption spectrum was measured to validate the approach and was in good agreement with literature spectra. The nitrophenol absorption cross-sections are large (ca. 10 -17 cm 2 molecule -1 ) and blue-shifted about 20 nm compared to previously measured solution spectra. Besides forming HONO, nitrophenol absorption influences other photochemistry by reducing the available actinic flux. The magnitudes of both effects are evaluated as a function of solar zenith angle, and nitrophenol absorption is shown to lower the photolysis rates of O 3 and NO 2 .

show abstract

“…Methylnitrophenols have also been reported to be primary emissions in one study (Tremp et al, 1993) and 4-nitrophenol was found to be emitted in vehicle exhaust in small quantities (Nojima et al, 1983). While a range of alkylnitrophenols have been observed in the atmosphere in the particle phase as well as in the gas phase (Cecinato et al, 2005;Morville et al, 2004), the yield of alkylnitrophenols from VOC oxidation and their contribution to secondary organic aerosols (SOA) is highly uncertain. Laboratory studies show a wide range of SOA yields from oxidation of aromatic VOC, and the extrapolation from laboratory experiments, which typically are conducted at ppm levels of precursors, adds significant uncertainty in estimates of ambient POM yields (Forstner et al, 1997;Irei, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, they often have been found in very low concentrations in the sub ng m −3 range in PM (Cecinato et al, 2005;Morville et al, 2004;Moukhtar et al, 2011). This results in certain challenges since measuring the compound specific stable carbon isotope composition, which is typically done by gas chromatography coupled to isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-IRMS), requires a mass of carbon per compound that is several orders of magnitude higher than the mass needed for concentration measurements (Rudolph, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Method for the determination of concentration and stable carbon isotope ratios of atmospheric phenols

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract.A method for the determination of the stable carbon isotopic composition of atmospheric nitrophenols in the gas and particulate phases is presented. It has been proposed to use the combination of concentration and isotope ratio measurements of precursor and product to test the applicability of results of laboratory studies to the atmosphere. Nitrophenols are suspected to be secondary products formed specifically from the photooxidation of volatile organic compounds. XAD-4 TM resin was used as an adsorbent on quartz filters to sample ambient phenols using conventional high volume air samplers at York University in Toronto, Canada. Filters were extracted in acetonitrile, with a HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography) clean-up step and a solid phase extraction step prior to derivatization with BSTFA (bis(trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide). Concentration measurements were done with gas chromatographymass spectrometry and gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry was used for isotope ratio analysis.The technique presented allows for atmospheric compound-specific isotopic composition measurements for five semi-volatile phenols with an estimated accuracy of 0.3-0.5 ‰ at atmospheric concentrations exceeding 0.1 ng m −3 while the detection limits for concentration measurements are in the pg m −3 range. Isotopic fractionation throughout the entire extraction procedure and analysis was proven to be below the precision of the isotope ratio measurements. The method was tested by conducting ambient measurements from September to December 2011.

show abstract

A multiresidue method for the analysis of phenols and nitrophenols in the atmosphere

Cited by 34 publications

References 24 publications

Method for determination of stable carbon isotope ratio of methylnitrophenols in atmospheric particulate matter

Method for determination of stable carbon isotope ratio of methylnitrophenols in atmospheric particulate matter

Near-Ultraviolet Absorption Cross Sections of Nitrophenols and Their Potential Influence on Tropospheric Oxidation Capacity

Method for the determination of concentration and stable carbon isotope ratios of atmospheric phenols

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About