“…Nine of the 17 studies used naloxone as a surrogate measure of frequency for oversedation, suggesting naloxone use as the marker within clinical practice that OISARD has occurred (Davis et al, 2017;Gordon & Pellino, 2005;Jungquist et al, 2016;Pawasaukas, Stevens, Youssef, & Kelley, 2014;Ramachandran et al, 2011;Rosenfeld et al, 2015;Taylor, Kirton, Staff, & Kozol, 2005;Weingarten et al, 2015;Yung, Lee, Hsu, Furnish, & Atayee, 2017). Clinically, the use of naloxone indicates that the patient's level of sedation is compromising the patient's breathing and risks further injury to the patient if it continues.…”