A basic obstacle to the widespread use of two-phase seminvariants of first rank in direct methods is often the large amount of computing time needed for their probabilistic estimation. A new very fast algorithm for identifying such seminvariants and a modified probabilistic formula for their estimation are described. Contrary to common belief, practical tests show that the amount of information contained in two-phase seminvariants is in general not negligible compared with information provided by triplets.
SymbolsN: number of atoms in the cell. m: number of symmetry operators of the space group. Cs = (Rs, Ts): sth symmetry operator: Rs is its rotational and Ts its translational part. Eh : normalized structure factor with vectorial index h.
R~ = levi.~Oh: phase of Eh. I: identity 3 × 3 matrix.