A mycological study of tinea corporis: A changing epidemiological trend from Trichophyton rubrum to Trichophyton mentagrophytes in India

Saxena, Varsha; Shenoy, Manjunath; Devrari, Jitendra Chandra; Pai, Vidya; Agrawal, Vishal

doi:10.4103/ijdvl.ijdvl_766_17

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Similar findings were observed in the previous studies conducted in our institution and elsewhere. [25][26][27][28] In the past, it was reported by several studies that the Trichophyton rubrum was the most common agent to be isolated between 2002 and 2011. Trichophyton mentagrophytes are undoubtedly emerging as the predominant pathogen responsible for glabrous dermatophytosis in India.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and Mycological Characterization of Chronic and Recurrent Dermatophytes using Various Staining and Microscopic Methods

Amin,

Shenoy,

Pai

2023

J. Pure Appl. Microbiol.

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Dermatophytosis is a prevalent infection in tropical and subtropical countries, including India. This study aims to investigate the epidemiology and clinical aspects of chronic and recurrent dermatophytosis, identify the clinical isolates, and assess the effectiveness of different microscopy and staining methods for diagnosis. The objective of the study is to study the epidemiology and clinical aspects of chronic and recurrent dermatophytosis and to identify the clinical isolates. Attempts to improve the diagnostic outcome by implementing different microscopy and staining methods have also been performed. Adult patients with chronic and recurrent cases and positive direct microscopy were included, and clinical details were recorded. The mycological culture was performed. Fifteen isolates were selected randomly and subjected to 0.9% NaCl, Chicago sky blue staining, Calcofluor white staining, and Congo red staining in addition to the standard lactophenol cotton blue (LPCB) preparation. Among the 178 patients in the study, females (56.7%) and patients aged 25-45 (50%) were more frequently affected. Tinea corporis was the most common clinical type (89.32%). Recurrent cases (56.1%) were more prevalent than chronic cases (43.9%). Culture positivity was seen in 60.1%, with Trichophyton mentagrophytes being the most common isolate (86%). Among the staining methods used on 15 selected isolates, Lactophenol Cotton Blue (LPCB) was scored as the most effective, scoring 2.6 out of 3. The study revealed several clinical and epidemiological findings related to dermatophytosis in India, including a high degree of communicability, inadvertent therapies including topical steroid misuse, and a persistent nature requiring an extended duration of therapy. Trichophyton mentagrophytes was the most frequently isolated pathogen. Of the staining methods evaluated, Lactophenol Cotton Blue (LPCB) was found to be the most effective. The findings suggest a need for continued research into effective treatments and diagnostic methods for dermatophytosis in India.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and Mycological Characterization of Chronic and Recurrent Dermatophytes using Various Staining and Microscopic Methods

Amin,

Shenoy,

Pai

2023

J. Pure Appl. Microbiol.

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“…In other regions, the prevalence of tinea corporis among isolated dermatophytes is estimated to be between 2.8% and 30.3% ( Table 2 ) [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 26 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 58 , 59 ]. Notably, in India, there has been a shift in prevalence over the past two decades, with T. mentagrophytes emerging as a replacement for T. rubrum [ 27 , 68 ].…”

Section: Body Sites Dermatophyte Species and Their Geographical Distr...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cutaneous Fungal Infections Caused by Dermatophytes and Non-Dermatophytes: An Updated Comprehensive Review of Epidemiology, Clinical Presentations, and Diagnostic Testing

Chanyachailert

Leeyaphan

Bunyaratavej

2023

JoF

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Cutaneous fungal infection of the skin and nails poses a significant global public health challenge. Dermatophyte infection, mainly caused by Trichophyton spp., is the primary pathogenic agent responsible for skin, hair, and nail infections worldwide. The epidemiology of these infections varies depending on the geographic location and specific population. However, epidemiological pattern changes have occurred over the past decade. The widespread availability of antimicrobials has led to an increased risk of promoting resistant strains through inappropriate treatment. The escalating prevalence of resistant Trichophyton spp. infections in the past decade has raised serious healthcare concerns on a global scale. Non-dermatophyte infections, on the other hand, present even greater challenges in terms of treatment due to the high failure rate of antifungal therapy. These organisms primarily target the nails, feet, and hands. The diagnosis of cutaneous fungal infections relies on clinical presentation, laboratory investigations, and other ancillary tools available in an outpatient care setting. This review aims to present an updated and comprehensive analysis of the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnostic testing methods for cutaneous fungal infections caused by dermatophytes and non-dermatophytes. An accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective management and minimizing the risk of antifungal resistance.

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A case of double‐mutant resistant tinea indotineae

Koncan,

Benini,

Lo Cascio

et al. 2024

JEADV Clinical Practice

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In recent years, there has been a concerning increase in a challenging‐to‐treat dermatophyte lineage of the Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex, known as Trichophyton indotineae. We report the first case of resistant T. indotineae bearing a double mutation in the squalene epoxidase gene (SQLE), isolated in Italy from a 26 ‐year‐old Nepali woman affected by a persistent tinea corporis. Topical terbinafine yielded minimal to no improvement while itraconazole provided partial relief but failed to eradicate the infection. Molecular identification through Sanger sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region confirmed T. indotineae and sequencing of the SQLE gene revealed the presence of a double mutation (Phe397Leu/Ala448Thr) associated with antifungal resistance. Broth microdilution susceptibility testing demonstrated resistance to fluconazole, but susceptibility to itraconazole. Ultimately complete cure was achieved with prolonged high‐dose itraconazole therapy.

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A mycological study of tinea corporis: A changing epidemiological trend from Trichophyton rubrum to Trichophyton mentagrophytes in India

Cited by 9 publications

References 1 publication

Clinical and Mycological Characterization of Chronic and Recurrent Dermatophytes using Various Staining and Microscopic Methods

Clinical and Mycological Characterization of Chronic and Recurrent Dermatophytes using Various Staining and Microscopic Methods

Cutaneous Fungal Infections Caused by Dermatophytes and Non-Dermatophytes: An Updated Comprehensive Review of Epidemiology, Clinical Presentations, and Diagnostic Testing

A case of double‐mutant resistant tinea indotineae

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