A mysterious black ornamentation on an Early Bronze Age dagger from Schoolbek (Kosel), Schleswig-Holstein, Germany

Berger, Daniel; Berthold, Christoph; Bunnefeld, Jan‐Heinrich; Keuper, Melanie

doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2015.12.005

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Among these compounds the most frequent copper phosphate found as a corrosion product is libethenite (Cu 2 (OH)PO 4 ) often associated with cremation sites. Recent work has reported both sampleite and libethenite on a Lydian bed of iron, bronze and copper dating to about 505 BC [35], and libethenite was found by Berger on a Nordic bronze dagger from Schoolbek farm, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, dating from the mid-2nd millennium BC [36]. Three bronze arrowheads unearthed at Dachengdun site in Anhui province, China all showed libethenite (Cu 2 (OH)PO 4 ) in the corrosion products [37] while corrosion on a pair of bronze tweezers wrapped with silk products and buried near a person's waist in Gansu province, China was found to contain cupric orthophosphate (Cu 3 (PO 4 ) 2 ·3H 2 O) [38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of phosphatic corrosion products on bronze swords of the Warring States period buried at Lijiaba site in Chongqing, China

Fan¹,

Freestone

2017

Herit Sci

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Corrosion products on three bronze swords found in tombs dating from the Warring States period at Lijiaba site, Yunyang county, Chongqing were characterized by Raman and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopies. The major corrosion products were cuprite, malachite, cerussite and cassiterite, along with the copper and lead phosphates, libethenite and pyromorphite. The presence of libethenite and pyromorphite which have been reported infrequently in bronze corrosion products were attributed to the pH, humidity and phosphorus released by the decomposition of the adjacent bodies in the burial environment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of phosphatic corrosion products on bronze swords of the Warring States period buried at Lijiaba site in Chongqing, China

Fan¹,

Freestone

2017

Herit Sci

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“…Larger symbols include more details, for example, dotted lines. Sometimes contrasting colour patterns resembling those on sea urchins were created on metalwork either by inlaying areas with pitch and resin, using artificial patination with ammonia to darken areas, or creating golden strips for more subtle colour variations (Berger 2014;Berger et al 2016). The same star symbol was also discovered on wooden vessels from the Guldhøj and Store Kongehøj, Ribe (Aner & Kersten 1986;nos 3820, 3832).…”

Section: The Cosmological Significance Of Fossilised Sea Urchins and ...mentioning

confidence: 96%

Water and the Afterlife – Water-related Resources in the Burial Construction of the Nordic Bronze Age

HORN

2024

Proc. Prehist. Soc.

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The waterscape, including the sea, rivers, and lakes, was highly important to communities living during the Nordic Early Bronze Age (1800/1700–1100 bc). Waterways acted as highways that facilitated journeys, trade, and warfare, enabling maritime warriors and others to distinguish themselves. This is reflected in the maritime location of rock art and important Early Bronze Age burials, which have been used to reconstruct the Nordic Bronze Age cosmology. This centres on the journey of the sun across the sky during the day, and the underworld during night. This article analyses the use of water-related resources, such as seaweed, petrified organics, beach pebbles, and molluscs, in the construction of burials, which has received little attention despite renewed interest in the maritime seascape. The data demonstrate that local communities used different resources, indicating that a common belief system was realised in local differences. These marine materials were collected from the beach, which can be conceptualised as the liminal zone between the land of the living and the sea of the dead. It is suggested that these materials, in line with other funerary practices, helped to guide the recently deceased into the afterlife in the sea.

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XRD and Materials Analysis

Quinn

Benzonelli

2018

The Encyclopedia of Archaeological Sciences

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A mysterious black ornamentation on an Early Bronze Age dagger from Schoolbek (Kosel), Schleswig-Holstein, Germany

Cited by 3 publications

References 32 publications

Occurrence of phosphatic corrosion products on bronze swords of the Warring States period buried at Lijiaba site in Chongqing, China

Occurrence of phosphatic corrosion products on bronze swords of the Warring States period buried at Lijiaba site in Chongqing, China

Water and the Afterlife – Water-related Resources in the Burial Construction of the Nordic Bronze Age

XRD and Materials Analysis

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