A narrative review of nutrient based indexes to assess diet quality and the proposed total nutrient index that reflects total dietary exposures

Cowan, Alexandra E; Jun, Shinyoung; Tooze, Janet A.; Gahche, Jaime J; Eicher‐Miller, Heather A.; Guenther, Patricia M.; Dwyer, Johanna; Potischman, Nancy; Bhadra, Anindya; Carroll, Raymond J.; Bailey, Regan L

doi:10.1080/10408398.2021.1967872

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…This study provides a foundation for future studies that could evaluate intake of micronutrient from popular diet patterns. Other tools are available to examine micronutrient intake, including indices that measure the intake of multiple nutrients collectively, such as total nutrient intake (TNI), mean probability of adequacy (MPA), and the Nutrient Rich Food Index 9.3 (NRF9.3) ( 42 , 43 ). Further research could apply these tools to popular diet patterns and could be used to gauge the extent of achievable improvement through modeled replacement with different foods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micronutrient intake from three popular diet patterns in the United States: modeled replacement of foods highest in added sugar and sodium using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005–2018

Basak Tukun,

Rowe,

Johnson

et al. 2023

Front. Nutr.

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IntroductionFifty-two percent of adults in the United States reported following a popular diet pattern in 2022, yet there is limited information on daily micronutrient intakes associated with these diet patterns. The objective of the present study was to model the impact on micronutrient intake when foods highest in added sugar and sodium were replaced with healthier alternatives to align with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommendations.MethodsDietary data were acquired from 34,411 adults ≥ 20 y in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005–2018. The National Cancer Institute methodology was used to estimate usual dietary intake at baseline of 17 micronutrients using information from up to two dietary recalls per person. A food substitution model was used to evaluate the impact on micronutrient intake when three servings of foods highest in added sugar and sodium were substituted with healthier alternatives.ResultsDietary modeling to replace foods highest in added sugar with healthier alternatives increased the mean intake of fat-soluble vitamins (0.15% for vitamin A to 4.28% for vitamin K), most water-soluble vitamins (0.01% for vitamin B1 to 12.09% for vitamin C), and most minerals (0.01% for sodium to 4.44% for potassium) across all diet patterns. Replacing foods highest in sodium had mixed effects on the mean intake of micronutrients. The intake of most fatsoluble vitamins increased by 1.37–6.53% (particularly vitamin A and D), yet while the intake of some water-soluble vitamins and minerals increased by 0.18–2.64% (particularly vitamin B2, calcium, and iron) others decreased by 0.56–10.38% (notably vitamin B3 and B6, magnesium, sodium, and potassium).DiscussionModeled replacement of foods highest in added sugar led to more favorable changes in mean micronutrient intake compared to modeled replacement of foods highest in sodium. Due to the composite nature of mixed dishes that include multiple ingredients, food substitutions may result in both favorable and unfavorable changes in micronutrient intake. These findings highlight the challenges of making singleitem food substitutions to increase micronutrient intake and call for further research to evaluate optimal combinations of replacement foods to maximize the intake of all micronutrients simultaneously.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micronutrient intake from three popular diet patterns in the United States: modeled replacement of foods highest in added sugar and sodium using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005–2018

Basak Tukun,

Rowe,

Johnson

et al. 2023

Front. Nutr.

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“…calculating the healthiest diet. As healthy diet indicators are often non-linear and based on partial scores of individual food components [ 23 , 41 , 42 ], the partial scores are piecewise linear functions. This implies that change of the partial score (slope) depends on the intake level.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shifting towards optimized healthy and sustainable Dutch diets: impact on protein quality

et al. 2023

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Purpose To reduce the environmental impact of Western diets, a reduction of meat consumption and a substitution by plant-based protein sources is needed. This protein transition will affect the quantity and quality of dietary protein. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the protein adequacy of diets optimized for nutritional health and diet-related greenhouse gas emission (GHGE). Methods Data from 2150 adult participants of the Dutch National Food Consumption Survey were used, with diet assessed using two non-consecutive 24 h dietary recalls. Utilizable protein of current diets per day was based on meal composition and the Protein Digestibility-Corrected Amino Acid Score and was compared to protein requirements. Optimized diets were derived as linear combinations of current diets that minimized GHGE and maximized the Dutch Healthy Diet 2015 score, with/without constraints to keep dietary change within 33% of current consumption. Protein adequacy was evaluated in both current and optimized diets. Results In all age and gender strata, the healthiest diets had higher GHGE, the most sustainable diets had the lowest dietary quality, though higher than current diets, and protein adequacy remained sufficient. When limiting dietary change to 33% of current consumption, in the most promising trade-off diet GHGE was reduced by 12–16%. The current diet provided 1.4–2.2 times the required amount of utilizable protein. Conclusion These results suggest that a realistic aim for the next decade might be to reduce diet-related GHGE to 12–16% of the current levels without compromising protein adequacy and diet quality. To achieve global targets, upstream food system transformations are needed with subsequent dietary changes.

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“…This food record was analyzed for micro- and macronutrient intake using the ESHA Food Processor (Version 11.11, ESHA Research, Salem, OR, United States). The nutrient data from the 3-day food records were used to calculate the food nutrition index (FNI) 49 . The FNI evaluates usual micronutrient intakes from foods and beverages relative to the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) or adequate intake (AI) standards for eight underconsumed micronutrients: calcium, magnesium, potassium, folate, and vitamins A, C, D, and E. The percentage of each micronutrient relative to the RDA or AI was truncated at 100% with each micronutrient weighted equally.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Healthy lifestyle linked to innate immunity and lipoprotein metabolism: a cross-sectional comparison using untargeted proteomics

Nieman,

Sakaguchi,

Pelleigrini

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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This study used untargeted proteomics to compare blood proteomic profiles in two groups of adults that differed widely in lifestyle habits. A total of 52 subjects in the lifestyle group (LIFE) (28 males, 24 females) and 52 in the control group (CON) (27 males, 25 females) participated in this cross-sectional study. Age, education level, marital status, and height did not differ significantly between LIFE and CON groups. The LIFE and CON groups differed markedly in body composition, physical activity patterns, dietary intake patterns, disease risk factor prevalence, blood measures of inflammation, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, glucose, and insulin, weight-adjusted leg/back and handgrip strength, and mood states. The proteomics analysis showed strong group differences for 39 of 725 proteins identified in dried blood spot samples. Of these, 18 were downregulated in the LIFE group and collectively indicated a lower innate immune activation signature. A total of 21 proteins were upregulated in the LIFE group and supported greater lipoprotein metabolism and HDL remodeling. Lifestyle-related habits and biomarkers were probed and the variance (> 50%) in proteomic profiles was best explained by group contrasts in indicators of adiposity. This cross-sectional study established that a relatively small number of proteins are associated with good lifestyle habits.

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A narrative review of nutrient based indexes to assess diet quality and the proposed total nutrient index that reflects total dietary exposures

Abstract: 2021): A narrative review of nutrient based indexes to assess diet quality and the proposed total nutrient index that reflects total dietary exposures, Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition,

Cited by 18 publications

References 53 publications

Micronutrient intake from three popular diet patterns in the United States: modeled replacement of foods highest in added sugar and sodium using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005–2018

Micronutrient intake from three popular diet patterns in the United States: modeled replacement of foods highest in added sugar and sodium using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005–2018

Shifting towards optimized healthy and sustainable Dutch diets: impact on protein quality

Healthy lifestyle linked to innate immunity and lipoprotein metabolism: a cross-sectional comparison using untargeted proteomics

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