A national epidemiological survey of oral mucosal lesions in Malaysia

Abstract

The prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in Malaysia was determined by examining a representative sample of 11,707 subjects aged 25 years and above throughout the 14 states over a period of 5 months during 1993/1994. A two-stage stratified random sampling was undertaken. A predetermined number of enumeration blocks, the smallest population unit in the census publication, was selected from each state. With the selected enumeration block, a systematic sample of living quarters was chosen with a random start. The survey instrument included a questionnaire on sociodemographic characteristics and a clinical examination. The clinical examination was carried out by 16 specially trained dental public health officers and the diagnosis calibrated with a final concordance rate of 92%. The age in the sample ranged from 25 to 115 years with a mean of 44.5+/-14.0. The sample comprised 40.2% males and 59.8% females; 55.8% were Malays, 29.4% Chinese, 10.0% Indians and 1.2% other ethnic groups. Oral mucosal lesions were detected in 1131 (9.7%) subjects, 5 (0.04%) had oral cancer, 165 (1.4%) had lesions or conditions that may be precancerous (leukoplakia, erythroplakia, submucous fibrosis and lichen planus) and 187 (1.6%) had betel chewer's mucosa. The prevalence of oral precancer was highest amongst Indians (4.0%) and other Bumiputras (the indigenous people of Sabah and Sarawak) (2.5%) while the lowest prevalence was amongst the Chinese (0.5%).

Oral Cancer Awareness and its Determinants among a Selected Malaysian Population

“…A nationwide survey carried out to obtain baseline data showed ethnic variation in the incidence of oral cancer and potentially malignant lesions, whereby the Indians were found to be at the highest risk, followed by the Indigenous people of East Malaysia (Zain et al, 1997). Efforts to systematically report cancer incidences only began in 2003 by the National Cancer Registry (NCR) and a higher incidence of oral cancer was confirmed among the Indians.…”

Human Papillomavirus in Oral Lichen Planus of Japanese Patients

“…The prevalence of OLP in the population ranges between 0.2 % to 3.3 % in a selected Japanese population [1][2][3][4] , 2.6 % in an Indian population 5) , 0.4 % in a Malaysian population 6) , and 1.9 % in a Swedish population 7) . Microscopically, OLP is characterized by hyperkeratosis of the mucosal epithelium, hydropic degeneration of the epithelial basal layer, and a band-like infiltrate of inflammatory cells in the dermal-epidermal interface 8,9) .…”

Investigation of Oral Mucosal Lesions in Patients Attending Dermatology Outpatient Clinic: A Study of 1670 Cases

“…1,2,5,8,12,14,26,28,29 Türk toplumunda yürütülmüş araştırmalarda ise OML prevalansı %15,5, %22,6, %41,7 gibi farklı değerlerde bildirilmiştir. 3,20,21 OML prevalansının en sık olduğu yaş aralık-ları farklı ülkelerde yapılmış çalışmalarda 60 yaş ve üzeri, 70-81 yaş arası, 21-40 yaş arası ve 40 yaş altı olarak bildirilmiştir.…”

“…6 Literatürde ilginç olarak OML hakkın-daki çalışmaların önemli bir kısmının diş hekimliği bölümlerine başvuran hastalar arasında yürütül-düğü fark edilmektedir. 1,5,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Ayrıca Türk toplumunda OML üzerine yapılmış epidemiyolojik çalışma sayısının da oldukça yetersiz olduğu gö-rülmektedir. [19][20][21][22][23][24] Bu çalışmada herhangi bir deri hastalığı şikayeti nedeniyle dermatoloji polikliniğine başvuran hastalarda OML varlığı değerlendi-rilerek OML tipi, nedeni, sıklık ve dağılım özellikleri araştırılmıştır.…”