A Naturally Acquired Infection of Plasmodium brasilianum in the Marmoset, Saguinus geoffroyi

Baerg, David C.

doi:10.2307/3277745

Cited by 7 publications

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“…Only three species of Saguinus were naturally infected ( Saguinus niger, Saguinus midas and Saguinus geoffroyi ) (Additional file 2 : Table S2). Infection of only one Saguinus geoffroyi by P. brasilianum was described in 1971 [ 28 ]. In 1985, the first description of malaria infection in Saguinus niger was reported; among 109 Callitrichidae only 4 (3.7%) were found infected by optical microscopy [ 21 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering the absence of parasite detection in blood smears, the detection limit of the nested PCR protocol used here as <3 parasites/μL blood for human samples, and PCR inconsistencies, it is suggested that the parasitaemia is even lower than expected for infected NHPs [ 11 , 40 , 41 ]. Four out of nine Plasmodium infection surveys in Callitrichidae were based only on microscopy [ 11 , 21 , 22 , 28 ]. Interestingly, Deane mentioned that Prof. Mauro Barreto had already found Plasmodium in one Callithrix geoffroyi examined for Trypanosoma cruzi , however this information has never been published [ 11 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has a remarkable plasticity, being able to infect a large number of species belonging to all families of New World monkeys, i.e., families Aotidae, Atelidae, Callitrichidae, Cebidae and Pitheciidae [ 11 , 19 – 25 ]. Although the family Callitrichidae has six genera: Callithrix, Cebuella, Leontopithecus, Mico, Saguinus and Callibella [ 26 , 27 ], P. brasilianum has been reported naturally infecting only the genus Saguinus ( S. geoffroyi , S. midas and S. niger) [ 11 , 21 , 28 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New potential Plasmodium brasilianum hosts: tamarin and marmoset monkeys (family Callitrichidae)

Alvarenga

Pina-Costa²,

Bianco

et al. 2017

Malar J

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BackgroundNon-human primates (NHPs) as a source for Plasmodium infections in humans are a challenge for malaria elimination. In Brazil, two species of Plasmodium have been described infecting NHPs, Plasmodium brasilianum and Plasmodium simium. Both species are infective to man. Plasmodium brasilianum resembles morphologically, genetically and immunologically the human quartan Plasmodium malariae. Plasmodium brasilianum naturally infects species of non-human primates from all New World monkey families from a large geographic area. In the family Callitrichidae only the genus Saguinus has been described infected so far. The present study describes the natural infection of P. brasilianum in tamarins and marmosets of the genera Callithrix, Mico and Leontopithecus in the Atlantic forest.MethodsOne hundred and twenty-two NHPs of the family Callitrichidae housed in the Primate Centre of Rio de Janeiro (CPRJ) were sampled in June 2015, and January and July 2016. The CPRJ is located in the Atlantic forest in the Guapimirim municipality, in the Rio de Janeiro state, where human autochthonous cases of malaria have been reported. The samples were screened for the presence of Plasmodium using optical microscopy and nested PCR for detection of 18S small subunit rRNA gene. The amplicon was sequenced to confirm the molecular diagnosis.ResultsThe frequency of Plasmodium infections detected by nested PCR in New World monkeys of the family Callitrichidae was 6.6%. For the first time, Callitrichidae primates of genera Callithrix, Mico and Leontopithecus were found naturally infected with P. brasilianum. Infection was confirmed by sequencing a small fragment of 18S rRNA gene, although no parasites were detected in blood smears.ConclusionsThe reported P. brasilianum infection in NHP species maintained in captivity suggests that infection can be favoured by the presence of vectors and the proximity between known (and unknown) hosts of malaria. Thus, the list of potential malaria reservoirs needs to be further explored.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12936-017-1724-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

New potential Plasmodium brasilianum hosts: tamarin and marmoset monkeys (family Callitrichidae)

Alvarenga

Pina-Costa²,

Bianco

et al. 2017

Malar J

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“…Like P. malariae it is a quartan parasite and undergoes its full erythrocytic cycle in 72 h (Von Berenberg-Gossler, 1909). It is found in tropical areas of South America where its natural hosts include a variety of New World Monkeys (Deane and de Almeida, 1967; Marinkelle and Grose, 1968; Baerg, 1971; Collins et al 1985; Wedderburn et al 1985). It can be transmitted by various laboratory mosquito vectors, including both A. stephensi and A. gambiae (Collins et al 1985).…”

Section: Non-human Malaria Parasites In the Laboratorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-human primate malaria parasites: out of the forest and into the laboratory

Martinelli

Culleton

2016

Parasitology

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The study of malaria in the laboratory relies on either the in vitro culture of human parasites, or the use of non-human malaria parasites in laboratory animals. In this review, we address the use of non-human primate malaria parasite species (NHPMPs) in laboratory research. We describe the features of the most commonly used NHPMPs, review their contribution to our understanding of malaria to date, and discuss their potential contribution to future studies.

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“…Of the cases representing natural infections, the number of infected individuals and corresponding sample sizes consist of 1/1000 for S . geoffroyi [ 31 ], 4/109 for S . niger [ 32 ], 4/178 in another study of S .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Plasmodium brasilianum infections in wild Peruvian tamarins

et al. 2017

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There is an increased interest in potential zoonotic malarias. To date, Plasmodium malariae that infects humans remains indistinguishable from Plasmodium brasilianum, which is widespread among New World primates. Distributed throughout tropical Central and South America, the Callitrichidae are small arboreal primates in which detection of natural Plasmodium infection has been extremely rare. Most prior screening efforts have been limited to small samples, the use of low-probability detection methods, or both. Rarely have screening efforts implemented a longitudinal sampling design. Through an annual mark-recapture program of two sympatric callitrichids, the emperor (Saguinus imperator) and saddleback (Saguinus fuscicollis) tamarins, whole blood samples were screened for Plasmodium by microscopy and nested PCR of the cytochrome b gene across four consecutive years (2012–2015). Following the first field season, approximately 50% of the samples collected each subsequent year were from recaptured individuals. In particular, out of 245 samples from 129 individuals, 11 samples from 6 individuals were positive for Plasmodium, and all but one of these infections was found in S. imperator. Importantly, the cytochrome b sequences were 100% identical to former isolates of P. malariae from humans and P. brasilianum from Saimiri sp. Chronic infections were detected as evidenced by repeated infections (7) from two individuals across the 4-year study period. Furthermore, 4 of the 5 infected emperor tamarins were part of a single group spanning the entire study period. Overall, the low prevalence reported here is consistent with previous findings. This study identifies two new natural hosts for P. brasilianum and provides evidence in support of chronic infections in wildlife populations. Given that callitrichids are often found in mixed-species associations with other primates and can be resilient to human-disturbed environments, they could contribute to the maintenance of P. malariae populations if future work provides entomological and epidemiological evidence indicating human zoonotic infections.

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A Naturally Acquired Infection of Plasmodium brasilianum in the Marmoset, Saguinus geoffroyi

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

New potential Plasmodium brasilianum hosts: tamarin and marmoset monkeys (family Callitrichidae)

New potential Plasmodium brasilianum hosts: tamarin and marmoset monkeys (family Callitrichidae)

Non-human primate malaria parasites: out of the forest and into the laboratory

Chronic Plasmodium brasilianum infections in wild Peruvian tamarins

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