A negative regulator linking chromosome segregation to developmental transcription in <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>

Cervin, Marguerite A.; Spiegelman, George B.; Raether, Brian; Ohlsen, Kari L.; Perego, Marta; Hoch, James A.

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2958.1998.00905.x

Cited by 67 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(60 reference statements)

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“…Soj associates with several sporulation promoters in vivo (36) and at least one of these promoters in vitro (4). We tested for the association of Soj with the spo0A promoter region in vivo by using a cross-linking-immunoprecipitation assay (see Materials and Methods).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All of these promoters are also activated by Spo0AϳP, but association of Soj with the promoter regions in vivo was independent of spo0A (data not shown). It is possible that Soj interacts with a binding site similar to that for Spo0A, but in vitro experiments have indicated that Soj binding to DNA is complicated and that Soj is not simply recognizing the same sequences as Spo0A (4).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spo0A obtains phosphate from a set of proteins called the phosphorelay (2). A balance of kinases and phosphatases regulates phosphate input into the phosphorelay and the phosphorylation state of Spo0A (3,(30)(31)(32).Two proteins involved in chromosome partitioning, Soj and Spo0J, also regulate the initiation of sporulation, perhaps in response to chromosome structure or partitioning (4,14,28). Soj and Spo0J are members of the ParA-SopA and ParB-SopB protein families, respectively.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Two proteins involved in chromosome partitioning, Soj and Spo0J, also regulate the initiation of sporulation, perhaps in response to chromosome structure or partitioning (4,14,28). Soj and Spo0J are members of the ParA-SopA and ParB-SopB protein families, respectively.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Soj negatively regulates transcription of several early sporulation genes. Histidine-tagged Soj inhibits transcription from the spoIIG promoter in vitro (4). In addition, formaldehyde crosslinking has shown that Soj associates with several Spo0AϳP-dependent promoters in vivo, including spoIIA, spoIIE, and spoIIG, and that this association correlates with decreased gene expression (36).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Control of Sporulation Gene Expression in Bacillus subtilis by the Chromosome Partitioning Proteins Soj (ParA) and Spo0J (ParB)

Quisel

Grossman

2000

J Bacteriol

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Two chromosome partitioning proteins, Soj (ParA) and Spo0J (ParB), regulate the initiation of sporulation in Bacillus subtilis. In a spo0J null mutant, sporulation is inhibited by the action of Soj. Soj negatively regulates expression of several sporulation genes by binding to the promoter regions and inhibiting transcription. All of the genes known to be inhibited by Soj are also activated by the phosphorylated form of the transcription factor Spo0A (Spo0AϳP). We found that, in a spo0J null mutant, Soj affected sporulation, in part, by decreasing the level of Spo0A protein. Soj negatively regulated transcription of spo0A and associated with the spo0A promoter region in vivo. Expression of spo0A from a heterologous promoter in a spo0J null mutant restored Spo0A levels and partly bypassed the sporulation and gene expression defects. Soj did not appear to significantly affect phosphorylation of Spo0A. Thus, in the absence of Spo0J, Soj inhibits sporulation and sporulation gene expression by inhibiting accumulation of the activator protein Spo0A and by acting downstream of Spo0A to inhibit gene expression directly.Bacillus subtilis can sporulate in response to starvation and high cell density. Sporulation involves an asymmetric cell division and requires DNA replication and chromosome segregation. Spo0A is a critical transcription factor in early sporulation. Cells initiate sporulation when they accumulate a threshold amount of phosphorylated Spo0A (Spo0AϳP) (3,6,12). Many signals that regulate sporulation do so by affecting the accumulation of Spo0AϳP. Spo0A obtains phosphate from a set of proteins called the phosphorelay (2). A balance of kinases and phosphatases regulates phosphate input into the phosphorelay and the phosphorylation state of Spo0A (3,(30)(31)(32).Two proteins involved in chromosome partitioning, Soj and Spo0J, also regulate the initiation of sporulation, perhaps in response to chromosome structure or partitioning (4,14,28). Soj and Spo0J are members of the ParA-SopA and ParB-SopB protein families, respectively. Many ParA-and ParB-type proteins are encoded on low-copy-number plasmids and are required for accurate plasmid partitioning (29, 42). Chromosome-encoded family members have also been identified, several of which function in chromosome partitioning (14,22,26). Members of the ParA-SopA families can act as transcriptional repressors and are themselves often regulated by members of the ParB-SopB family (7,9,24,27,36).Spo0J is required both for accurate chromosome partitioning and for sporulation (14). Spo0J binds to a series of sites (parS sites) in the origin-proximal 20% of the chromosome (22), clustering them into a large focus (10,21,23). Defects in spo0J perturb chromosome partitioning. Cultures of spo0J null mutant cells produce approximately 1% anucleate cells, a frequency approximately 20-to 100-fold greater than that of wildtype cells (14).A null mutation in spo0J also causes an approximately 300-fold defect in sporulation relative to wild-type cells (14,28,34). spo0J null mutants ar...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Control of Sporulation Gene Expression in Bacillus subtilis by the Chromosome Partitioning Proteins Soj (ParA) and Spo0J (ParB)

Quisel

Grossman

2000

J Bacteriol

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Chromosome segregation inBacillus subtilis

2007

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Bacillus subtilis, a Gram-positive bacterium commonly found in soil, is an excellent model organism for the study of basic cell processes, such as cell division and cell differentiation, called sporulation. In B. subtilis the essential genetic information is carried on a single circular chromosome, the correct segregation of which is crucial for both vegetative growth and sporulation. The proper completion of life cycle requires each daughter cell to obtain identical genetic information. The consequences of inaccurate chromosome segregation can lead to formation of anucleate cells, cells with two chromosomes, or cells with incomplete chromosomes. Although bacteria miss the classical eukaryotic mitotic apparatus, the chromosome segregation is undeniably an active process tightly connected to other cell processes as DNA replication and compaction. To fully understand the chromosome segregation, it is necessary to study this process in a wider context and to examine the role of different proteins at various cell life cycle stages. The life cycle of B. subtilis is characteristic by its specific cell differentiation process where, two slightly different segregation mechanisms exist, specialized in vegetative growth and in sporulation.

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Bacillus subtilis sporulation and stationary phase gene expression

Phillips¹,

Strauch²

2002

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences (CMLS)

177

171

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Bacillus subtilis cells entering stationary phase due to nutrient deprivation have a number of options. Complex interconnected regulatory circuits govern differential gene expression patterns that channel the cell along the path it has sensed is most advantageous for survival in the environment. The actual choice depends upon the activity of an elaborate signal transduction network (the phosphorelay) that ultimately affects the activity of two key transcription factors, SpoOA and AbrB. Should the cell commit to sporulation, a temporally and spatially controlled cascade of RNA polymerase sigma factors leads to the development and release of an endospore from within the terminally differentiated, apoptotic mother cell.

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A negative regulator linking chromosome segregation to developmental transcription in Bacillus subtilis

Cited by 67 publications

References 51 publications

Control of Sporulation Gene Expression in Bacillus subtilis by the Chromosome Partitioning Proteins Soj (ParA) and Spo0J (ParB)

Control of Sporulation Gene Expression in Bacillus subtilis by the Chromosome Partitioning Proteins Soj (ParA) and Spo0J (ParB)

Chromosome segregation inBacillus subtilis

Bacillus subtilis sporulation and stationary phase gene expression

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