A neural basis for the spatial suppression of visual motion perception

Liu, Liu D.; Haefner, Ralf M.; Pack, Christopher C.

doi:10.7554/elife.16167

Cited by 64 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 66 publications

(127 reference statements)

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“…1 A) gratings and contrast-modulated (second-order; Fig. 1 B) gratings, both of which are known to induce surround suppression [22] , [23] , [24] . Subjects performed a temporal two-alternative forced choice (2AFC) contrast matching task, judging which of two sequentially presented target stimuli had higher contrast.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

GABA predicts visual intelligence

Cook

Hammett

Larsson

2016

Neuroscience Letters

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

GABA predicts visual intelligence

Cook

Hammett

Larsson

2016

Neuroscience Letters

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“…Contrasting this view, studies in monkeys demonstrate 69 that the strength of neuronal surround suppression in the MT is low and cannot explain the 70 3 reported high level of deterioration in behavioral performance (Liu, et al, 2016). Moreover, many…”

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confidence: 97%

“…Tadin and colleagues have shown that TMS-induced periods of reduced 66 excitability in MT were associated with weakening of SS, and suggested that such disruptive TMS 67 is interfering with inhibitory processing within MT/V5, which, in turn, improves perception of 68 large moving stimuli (Tadin, et al, 2011). Contrasting this view, studies in monkeys demonstrate 69 that the strength of neuronal surround suppression in the MT is low and cannot explain the 70 3 reported high level of deterioration in behavioral performance (Liu, et al, 2016). Moreover, many…”

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confidence: 99%

Spatial suppression in visual motion perception is driven by inhibition: evidence from MEG gamma oscillations

Orekhova¹,

Ekaterina

Viktoria

et al. 2019

Preprint

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17Spatial suppression (SS) is a visual perceptual phenomenon that is manifest in a 18 reduction of directional sensitivity for drifting high-contrast gratings whose size exceeds 19 the center of the visual field. The role of neural excitation and inhibition in SS is still 20 debated. Putatively, the efficacy of inhibition in the visual cortex can be inferred from the 21 attenuation of MEG visual gamma responses with increasing velocity of large high-22contrast visual gratings. We have found that this neural measure predicted inter-23 individual differences in SS equally well in adult women and in school-age boys. The 24 neuro-behavioral correlations were robust: besides being unaffected by age and gender 25 of the participants, they were replicated in two measurement sessions separated by 26 several days or weeks. This study provides evidence that links the psychophysical 27 phenomenon of spatial suppression to inhibitory-based neural responses in the human 28 primary visual cortex. 29 30 Keywords: Magnetoencephalography (MEG), gamma oscillations, spatial suppression, surround 31 suppression, inhibition, IQ 32 33 34 65 (Born and Bradley, 2005). Tadin and colleagues have shown that TMS-induced periods of reduced 66 excitability in MT were associated with weakening of SS, and suggested that such disruptive TMS 67 is interfering with inhibitory processing within MT/V5, which, in turn, improves perception of 68 large moving stimuli (Tadin, et al., 2011). Contrasting this view, studies in monkeys demonstrate 69 that the strength of neuronal surround suppression in the MT is low and cannot explain the 70 3 reported high level of deterioration in behavioral performance (Liu, et al., 2016). Moreover, many 71MT neurons in monkeys did not exhibit surround suppression at all (Liu, et al., 2016). 72A recent human study combining behavioral psychophysics, functional MRI and magnetic 73 resonance spectroscopy (Schallmo, et al., 2018) further challenged the proposed role of 74 heightened inhibitory transmission within MT in SS. Although increasing the size of moving 75 gratings did suppress fMRI responses in MT, the suppression was much more subtle than, and 76 could thus be considered secondary to, that in the primary visual cortex (V1). Further, the authors 77 did not find the expected direct association between SS measured in a psychophysical task and 78 the concentration of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA in either area MT or the early visual 79 cortex. In a similar vein, GABA concentration was unrelated to the fMRI response suppression 80 caused by increasing the size of drifting gratings. Therefore, Schallmo et al. came to the 81 conclusion that SS is not primarily driven by GABA-mediated inhibition. 82Given the complex dynamic nature of the excitatory-inhibitory interactions elicited by 83 large moving gratings that has been revealed in animal studies (Angelucci, et al., 2017; Angelucci 84 and Bressloff, 2006;Nurminen, et al., 2018), individual variations in the baseline 'bulk' GABA 85 concentration in visual a...

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“…A decrease in GABA-mediated inhibition has also been proposed to explain the weaker spatial suppression for motion in schizophrenia . However, pharmacological manipulations to increase the levels of GABA resulted in a decrease of spatial suppression in humans (Michael-Paul Schallmo et al 2018) and did not affect the surround suppression of neurons in the monkey (Liu, Miller, and Pack 2018) linked to the perceptual spatial suppression (Liu, Haefner, and Pack 2016) . Overall, current evidence suggests that a decline in GABAergic function cannot explain the perceptual differences in surround suppression between younger and aged participants, or between healthy controls and patients with schizophrenia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial suppression and sensitivity for motion in schizophrenia

Linares

Amoretti

Marin-Campos

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Perceptual spatial suppression is a phenomenon in which the perceived strength of a stimulus in some region of the space is reduced when the stimulus is surrounded by other stimuli. For contrast perception, several studies suggest that spatial suppression is reduced in patients with schizophrenia. For motion perception, only one study has been conducted in a cohort of 16 patients, suggesting that spatial suppression is reduced. It is unknown, however, whether this reduction is related to the lower intelligence quotient (IQ) that schizophrenic patients usually show; as there is evidence that spatial suppression for motion increases with IQ in healthy individuals. Here, we sought to determine the spatial suppression for motion in a larger cohort of 32 patients with schizophrenia and controlling the results for the IQ of patients. We found a weakened spatial suppression in patients with schizophrenia, consistent with the previous study (effect size g = 0.47 with CI = [0.055, 0.88], combining the previous and our study). For comparison, we performed a meta-analysis on spatial suppression for contrast (7 studies) and found a similar effect size, but with higher evidence (g = 0.56 with CI = [0.40, 0.72]). We found that patients had a lower IQ than controls, but this difference did not explain their weaker spatial suppression. Further, we found that spatial suppression of patients, but not controls increased with their IQ and decreased with age in both groups. Finally, as we estimated lapses of attention, we could estimate motion sensitivity and found that it was decreased in patients. We discuss how this reduced spatial suppression and sensitivity might be related to glutamatergic hypofunction in schizophrenia.

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A neural basis for the spatial suppression of visual motion perception

Cited by 64 publications

References 66 publications

GABA predicts visual intelligence

GABA predicts visual intelligence

Spatial suppression in visual motion perception is driven by inhibition: evidence from MEG gamma oscillations

Spatial suppression and sensitivity for motion in schizophrenia

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