A neural probe process enabling variable electrode configurations

Kindlundh, Maria; Norlin, P.; Hofmann, Ulrich G.

doi:10.1016/j.snb.2003.10.009

Cited by 45 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…SOI-based probes with integrated microfluidic channels have also been presented (Cheung et al, 2003), permitting highly localized injection of neurotransmitters or other drugs. In a departure from using fixed photolithographic mask sets, direct write laser (DWL) lithography has been used to process SOI wafers with semi-custom designs, by defining which final electrodes out of a standardized array will be active (Kindlundh et al, 2004).…”

Section: Other Silicon-based Arraysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implantable microscale neural interfaces

Cheung

2007

Biomed Microdevices

190

175

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Implantable neural microsystems provide an interface to the nervous system, giving cellular resolution to physiological processes unattainable today with non-invasive methods. Such implantable microelectrode arrays are being developed to simultaneously sample signals at many points in the tissue, providing insight into processes such as movement control, memory formation, and perception. These electrode arrays have been microfabricated on a variety of substrates, including silicon, using both surface and bulk micromachining techniques, and more recently, polymers. Current approaches to achieving a stable long-term tissue interface focus on engineering the surface properties of the implant, including coatings that discourage protein adsorption or release bioactive molecules. The implementation of a wireless interface requires consideration of the necessary data flow, amplification, signal processing, and packaging. In future, the realization of a fully implantable neural microsystem will contribute to both diagnostic and therapeutic applications, such as a neuroprosthetic interface to restore motor functions in paralyzed patients.

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Section: Other Silicon-based Arraysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implantable microscale neural interfaces

Cheung

2007

Biomed Microdevices

190

175

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“…In the future, devices for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, and depression, may employ microelectrodes. Batch-processed microelectrodes have been developed using a variety of substrates, including silicon [1], [2], silicon-on-insulator [3], ceramic [4], and metal [5]. Despite these advances, there has been limited progress in demonstrating chronically-implantable systems that can continue to function for many months.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vivo Validation of Custom-Designed Silicon-Based Microelectrode Arrays for Long-Term Neural Recording and Stimulation

Han

Manoonkitiwongsa

Wang

et al. 2012

IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.

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We developed and validated silicon-based neural probes for neural stimulating and recording in long-term implantation in the brain. The probes combine the deep reactive ion etching process and mechanical shaping of their tip region, yielding a mechanically sturdy shank with a sharpened tip to reduce insertion force into the brain and spinal cord, particularly, with multiple shanks in the same array. The arrays’ insertion forces have been quantified in vitro. Five consecutive chronically-implanted devices were fully functional from 3 to 18 months. The microelectrode sites were electroplated with iridium oxide, and the charge injection capacity measurements were performed both in vitro and after implantation in the adult feline brain. The functionality of the chronic array was validated by stimulating in the cochlear nucleus and recording the evoked neuronal activity in the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus. The arrays’ recording quality has also been quantified in vivo with neuronal spike activity recorded up to 566 days after implantation. Histopathology evaluation of neurons and astrocytes using immunohistochemical stains indicated minimal alterations of tissue architecture after chronic implantation.

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“…For example, to enable single-unit recordings in structures with dense cell body layer, such as neocortex and hippocampus, recording sites span 140 μ m in depth with each electrode separated by a pitch of 20 μ m [32]. Sizing the electrode area has a tradeoff between low impedance, high probability of coming into proximity of an active neuron (large recording area) and the ability to distinguish single-unit activity (small recording area) [33]. We have designed each electrode with an area of 143 μ m 2 to achieve low impedance and to record from dense populations of individual neurons (soma diameter 10–20 μ m) in the neocortex and hippocampus.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An implantable neural probe with monolithically integrated dielectric waveguide and recording electrodes for optogenetics applications

et al. 2013

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Objective Optogenetics promises exciting neuroscience research by offering optical stimulation of neurons with unprecedented temporal resolution, cell-type specificity and the ability to excite as well as to silence neurons. This work provides the technical solution to deliver light to local neurons and record neural potentials, facilitating local circuit analysis and bridging the gap between optogenetics and neurophysiology research. Approach We have designed and obtained the first in vivo validation of a neural probe with monolithically integrated electrodes and waveguide. High spatial precision enables optical excitation of targeted neurons with minimal power and recording of single-units in dense cortical and subcortical regions. Main results The total coupling and transmission loss through the dielectric waveguide at 473 nm was 10.5 ± 1.9 dB, corresponding to an average output intensity of 9400 mW mm−2 when coupled to a 7 mW optical fiber. Spontaneous field potentials and spiking activities of multiple Channelrhodopsin-2 expressing neurons were recorded in the hippocampus CA1 region of an anesthetized rat. Blue light stimulation at intensity of 51 mW mm−2 induced robust spiking activities in the physiologically identified local populations. Significance This minimally invasive, complete monolithic integration provides unmatched spatial precision and scalability for future optogenetics studies at deep brain regions with high neuronal density.

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A neural probe process enabling variable electrode configurations

Cited by 45 publications

References 11 publications

Implantable microscale neural interfaces

Implantable microscale neural interfaces

In Vivo Validation of Custom-Designed Silicon-Based Microelectrode Arrays for Long-Term Neural Recording and Stimulation

An implantable neural probe with monolithically integrated dielectric waveguide and recording electrodes for optogenetics applications

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