A Neuropharmacological Analysis of Hypothalamic and Extrahypothalamic Mechanisms Concerned With the Regulation of Food and Water Intake*

Grossman, Sebastian P.

doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1969.tb12927.x

Cited by 33 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…For example, hypothalamic systems for different behaviors, in many cases, are regionally segregated (Roberts, 1970), an d h ave anatomically differentiated projections (Bergquist, 1970;Berntson, 1972 ;Chi & Flynn, 1971). Further, different hypothalamic response mechanisms can be selectively activated by appropriate thennal, hormonal, osmotic, or neurochemical stimulation (Andersson, 1953;Fisher, 1966;Grossman, 1969;Leibowitz, 1971;Roberts, Bergquist, & Robinson, 1969). In addition, stimulation of hypothalamic behavioral mechanisms produces a highly lateralized facilitation of specific reflexes, which are functionally associated with the elicited behavior, suggesting the presence of a highly specific functional organization within these mechanisms (Flynn, Edwards, & Bandler, 1971).…”

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confidence: 99%

Functional differentiation within hypothalamic behavioral systems in the cat

Berntson

Beattie

1975

Psychobiology

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A stimulation analysis was completed, by the use of roving stimulation electrodes, -of an area in the cat hypothalamus where biting attack and threat behavior can be elicited. Results indicated that, while attack and threat have partially overlapping anatomical representations, there is considerable anatomical dissociation between these behaviors, even within overlap areas. Further, we found that a composite stimulation map, based on anatomical data pooled across animals, substantially overestimated the size of response areas and the degree of anatomical overlap between responses for a given animal. The results support the view that the hypothalamus contains partly overlapping, but functionally specific, mechanisms for different behaviors.

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confidence: 99%

Functional differentiation within hypothalamic behavioral systems in the cat

Berntson

Beattie

1975

Psychobiology

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“…Application of cmbachol in the area preoptica of these rats does not induce drinking whether they are still adipsic or not [36]. Water deprivation as well as the injection of a hypertonie saline solution induce ADH secretion as well as drinking and cholinergic stimulation has been shown to augment ADH secretion [4,11,34,35], but no effect of ADH injections on water intake has been found [1,10] and carbachol induced drinking is hardly ever accompanied by an antidiuresis [19]. Carbachol induced drinking seems, according to the above mentioned data from the literature, not to depend on intraand extracellular dehydration which in itself are strong stimuli to consume water [2,14].…”

Section: Influence Of Intracerebral Implantation Of Atropine Sulphatementioning

confidence: 91%

Intracerebral implantation of carbachol in the rat: Its effect on water intake and body temperature

Hulst

1972

Physiology & Behavior

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HULST, S. G. Th. lntracerebral implantation of carbachol in the rat: its effect on water intake and body temperature.PHYSIOL. BErL~V. 8 (5) [865][866][867][868][869][870][871][872] 1972.--Intracerebral carbachol produces a fall in body temperature as well as drinking in the rat when implanted in various subcortical structures, related to the emotion-motivation limbic circuit. These effects are due to a central cholinergic stimulation since they can be prevented by the systemic administration of the centrally active anticholinergic substance atropine sulphate and to a lesser degree by methylatropine nitrate. By withholding water during the first hr following carbachol implantation it could be shown that the hypothermic response is independent from water intake. When carbachol as well as atropine sulphate are implanted in two locafisations, which both induce hypothermia as well as drinking following carbachol stimulation, atropine sulphate nearly always blocked drinking, but practically only when atropine sulphate was applied caudally to carbachol did it block hypothermia. The results suggest a drinking and hypothermic circuit within the limbic system, anatomically linked but functionally different and independent. Water intakeBody temperature Carbachol Atropine Intracerebral implantation INTRACEREBRALLY implanted carbachol elicits vigorous drinking in the water satiated rat [16,17]. Grossman [16] and Fisher and Coury [13] found that cholinergic stimulation within perifornical region, as well as the limbic system, the hypothalamus and the midbraln induced drinking. It was postulated that the emotion-motivation limbic circuit, as proposed by Papez [29,30] is intimately involved in the mediation of drinking. Further evidence for such a circuit has been presented [12,26,27,32,33]. In the rat hypothermia has been found following cholinergic stimulation of the anterior hypothalamus, lateral hypothalamus, preoptic region, nucleus lateralis septi and the area between the thalamie nuclei and the nucleus ruber [20,22,23,25]. In a previous study [20] it was suggested that cholinergically evoked drinking and hypothermia follow roughly parallel pathways in the limbic system and the diencephalon. As the fibre systems for these two phenomena need not necessarily be the same, further experiments were conducted to evaluate the previous results; these studies are reported here. MATER/AI~ AND METHODSMale white rats of an inbred Wistar strain weighing 180-190 g were used. Crystalline substances were implanted into various subcortical structures as follows. A stainless steel plate, equipped with 12 holes, was used. Tubes, with a diameter of 0.8 ram, of the same material, protruding 2.50 mm from the lower side of the plate, were attached to the holes in the plate. This plate was fixed to the rat skull with dental cement (for details see [20]). Through the tubes needles of different length, containing crystalline substances at the tip, could be directed into the brain. The operated animals were allowed to recover from the operation and...

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“…Grossman (1969) discovered that norepinephrine injected into the hypothalamus through an implanted cannula caused feeding. This effect has been localized in the midline areas of the hypothalamus.…”

Section: Hypothalamic Injection Of Neurochemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%