HoLsr, S. G. T. AND D. DE WIED.Changes in body temperature and water intake following intracerebral implantation of carbachol in rats. PHYSIOL. BEHAV. 2 (4) [367][368][369][370][371] 1967.--Intracerebral carbachol produced a fall in core temperature in the rat when implanted in the area preoptica, the nucleus lateralis septi and the area between the thalamic nuclei and the nucleus ruber. Cholinergic stimulation of the anterohypothalamic region did not affect body temperature, while stimulation of the nucleus ventralis thalami induced hyperthermia. Water consumption increased upon intracerebral application of carbachol to the area preoptica, the nucleus lateralis septi, the anterohypothalamic region and the area between the thalamic nuclei and the nucleus ruber. No effect was found following implantation of carbachol in the nucleus ventralis thalami. The results suggest that drinking and hypothermia follow roughly parallel pathways in the limbic system and the diencephalon, although the fiber systems for these two phenomena need not be necessarily the same. Water intakeBody temperature Carbachol lntracerebral implantation IN THE water satiated rat intracerebrally implanted carbachol elicits vigorous drinking [4,5,8,12]. Grossman's demonstration that cholinergic stimulation of the perifornical region in the rat led to a marked increase in water ingestion, was further investigated by Fisher and Coury [2] who found that cholinergic stimulation within the limbic system, the hypothalamus and the midbrain also induced drinking. These authors postulated that the Papez circuit is intimately involved in the mediation of drinking. Recently, hypothermia in the rat has been found following cholinergic stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus [10] and of the preoptic region [8], but other structures in the central nervous system have not been implicated in this respect. The present experiments were conducted to determine the effect of carbachol on core temperature and on water ingestion after its administration into various subcortical structures. MATERIALS AND METHODSMale white rats of an inbred Wistar strain weighing 180-210 g were used.To guide implantation of carbachol into various brain structures a stainless steel plate with 12 holes was used (Fig. 1). Tubes with a dia. of 0.80 mm of the same material of the plate protruding 2.50 mm from the lower side of the plate were attached to the holes in the plate. In order to fixate the plates to the skulls, rats were placed in a stereotaxic apparatus under ether anesthesia. After cutting the skin and cleaning the bone, holes--corresponding to the holes of the plate--were drilled in the skull starting just rostral of the sutura coronaria. After cleaning and drying the surface of the skull and following application of sulfonamide (Orgasepton) to avoid infection, the tubes of the plate were carefully inserted into the holes until the plate touched the skull. The plate was subsequently fixed to the skull with dental cement. Through the tubes, needles containing crystalline carbach...

Twenty children with insulin-induced lipoatrophy were successfully treated by injecting the insulin into the lipoatrophic area. In 10 children insulin therapy was replaced by monocomponent insulins, while the other 10 children were treated with the insulins they previously used. It is concluded that both monocomponent and less purified insulins are suitable for treating the complication of insulin therapy when the insulin is injected into the lipoatrophic area.

In 39 cholecystectomized patients and 62 patients without previous cholecystectomy the effect of i.m. injection of morphine on the serum concentrations of bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, GOT, GPT, LDH and amylase has been studied. Most of the cholecystectomized patients in whom the injection of morphine provoked a reaction of abdominal pain showed increased serum activity of both GOT and GPT 8 hours after the injection of morphine. The results suggest that this "morphineenzyme-pain provocation" may be helpful in differentiating dyskinesia of the sphincter Oddi from other postcholecystectomy abdominal complaints.Acta vied. scattd. 194

HULST, S. G. Th. lntracerebral implantation of carbachol in the rat: its effect on water intake and body temperature.PHYSIOL. BErL~V. 8 (5) [865][866][867][868][869][870][871][872] 1972.--Intracerebral carbachol produces a fall in body temperature as well as drinking in the rat when implanted in various subcortical structures, related to the emotion-motivation limbic circuit. These effects are due to a central cholinergic stimulation since they can be prevented by the systemic administration of the centrally active anticholinergic substance atropine sulphate and to a lesser degree by methylatropine nitrate. By withholding water during the first hr following carbachol implantation it could be shown that the hypothermic response is independent from water intake. When carbachol as well as atropine sulphate are implanted in two locafisations, which both induce hypothermia as well as drinking following carbachol stimulation, atropine sulphate nearly always blocked drinking, but practically only when atropine sulphate was applied caudally to carbachol did it block hypothermia. The results suggest a drinking and hypothermic circuit within the limbic system, anatomically linked but functionally different and independent. Water intakeBody temperature Carbachol Atropine Intracerebral implantation INTRACEREBRALLY implanted carbachol elicits vigorous drinking in the water satiated rat [16,17]. Grossman [16] and Fisher and Coury [13] found that cholinergic stimulation within perifornical region, as well as the limbic system, the hypothalamus and the midbraln induced drinking. It was postulated that the emotion-motivation limbic circuit, as proposed by Papez [29,30] is intimately involved in the mediation of drinking. Further evidence for such a circuit has been presented [12,26,27,32,33]. In the rat hypothermia has been found following cholinergic stimulation of the anterior hypothalamus, lateral hypothalamus, preoptic region, nucleus lateralis septi and the area between the thalamie nuclei and the nucleus ruber [20,22,23,25]. In a previous study [20] it was suggested that cholinergically evoked drinking and hypothermia follow roughly parallel pathways in the limbic system and the diencephalon. As the fibre systems for these two phenomena need not necessarily be the same, further experiments were conducted to evaluate the previous results; these studies are reported here. MATER/AI~ AND METHODSMale white rats of an inbred Wistar strain weighing 180-190 g were used. Crystalline substances were implanted into various subcortical structures as follows. A stainless steel plate, equipped with 12 holes, was used. Tubes, with a diameter of 0.8 ram, of the same material, protruding 2.50 mm from the lower side of the plate, were attached to the holes in the plate. This plate was fixed to the rat skull with dental cement (for details see [20]). Through the tubes needles of different length, containing crystalline substances at the tip, could be directed into the brain. The operated animals were allowed to recover from the operation and...

Zinc human insulin (recombinant DNA) or zinc PPI (Monotard) 20 U was injected subcutaneously to study the time-action profile in six healthy volunteers. During the test period they received a 10-g biscuit containing 3% moisture, 7% protein, 10% fat, 80% carbohydrate, and 30 ml of water every hour. The onset of action with zinc human insulin occurred earlier than with zinc PPI. Also, the intensity of the blood sugar-lowering effect was more pronounced 3 and 4 h after administration of insulin. No other statistically significant differences were detected between the two blood glucose curves. The results show that it is possible to develop a zinc human insulin formulation with a duration of the blood sugar-lowering effect equal to a zinc PPI formulation, DIABETES CARE 5 (SUPPL. iy. 71-72, 1982.