A Neurosurgeon's View of the Battle of Reliefs of King Sety I: Aspects of Neurological Importance

Sanchez, Gonzalo M.

doi:10.2307/40000528

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…[6][7][8] Later, King Seti I (1290e1279 BCE) built the Temple of Amun in Karnak, and on the north wall of the Hypostyle Hall there are the Battle Reliefs, which present graphic representations of neurologic injuries, including spine lesions, observed in battles. 9 The Old Testament of the Bible also has several references to paraplegia, such as the mention of Mephibosheth (1000 BCE), grandson of King Saul. 10 In the fourth century BCE, Hippocrates, a leading figure in the history of medicine, also provided detailed descriptions of spine lesions, such as tuberculous spondylitis and traumatic injuries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ancient Observation of Spinal Cord Injury: The Case of the Assyrian Lion

et al. 2018

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The description of paraplegia is considered a milestone in the history of neurology. The Egyptians provided excellent descriptions of spinal cord injuries, the Bible has several references to paraplegia, and, more recently, the pioneers of neurology described the classic syndromes related to spinal injuries and paraplegia. Here, we describe an ancient observation by the Assyrian people of paraplegia in an animal. In ancient Assyria, lion hunting was a ritualized activity conducted for political and religious purposes. The Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal, a series of Assyrian palace reliefs from the North Palace at Nineveh dating from approximately 645 BCE, which is now in the British Museum in London, UK, shows King Ashurbanipal hunting lions. Applying modern knowledge of mammalian dermatomes to the images, we reveal a detailed and precise observation of paraplegia after spinal cord injury.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ancient Observation of Spinal Cord Injury: The Case of the Assyrian Lion

et al. 2018

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“…(DOI: 10.3171/FOC-07/07/E5) first appearance in ancient medical literature of the word "brain" in the Edwin Smith Papyrus. This document has since been duly noted by neurosurgeons, [5][6][7]11,[14][15][16][17]23,26,31,33 neurologists, 12,19 medical historians, 28 and related specialists. 21,25 Although not the first, it was Wilkins' publication of an excerpt of the Edwin Smith Papyrus in 1965, 9 in Neurosurgical Classics, that caused this ancient medical document to be well-known to the neurosurgical community.…”

Section: History and Translation Of The Edwin Smith Papyrusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An example of an arrow injury through the mouth and into the skull base is shown in the Battle Reliefs of King Sety I on the Temple of Karnak. 31 Clearly a major neurological symptom about which nothing could have been done in that era, aphasia is treatable with limited success even today.…”

Section: Decision Making In Cases 19 and 20mentioning

confidence: 99%

Decision making in head injury management in the Edwin Smith Papyrus

Sanchez

Burridge

2007

FOC

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✓The Edwin Smith Papyrus (circa 1650–1550 BC) is a didactic trauma treatise of major interest to neurosurgery, as it deals primarily with cranial and spine injuries. Information regarding the patient's condition is conveyed in the papyrus with sufficient clarity to allow a clinical assessment of each injury. The ancient Egyptian physician/teacher lists the key diagnostic elements in each case, and then pronounces his opinion of the treatment potential in one of three verdicts: 1) “a medical condition I can treat;” 2) “a medical condition I can contend with;” or 3) “a medical condition you will not be able to treat.” The structural organization of the text according to regional injuries of increasing severity permits analysis of sequential cases, and makes it possible to determine which clinical features led the ancient Egyptian physician to give the first or second verdict in the less severe injuries, but the third in the worst cases. Interestingly, the ancient physicians were not deterred from contending with injuries in the presence of basilar skull fractures, traumatic meningismus, skull perforation without overt neurological deficit, drowsiness, limited facial fractures, or closed head injuries without depressed fragments. Factors identified as determinant for the third verdict in head injuries are depressed skull fragments, dura laceration with exposed brain, infected cranial wounds/tetanus, major craniofacial fractures, deep skull–penetrating stab wounds, and aphasia. This study describes three case sequences of head injuries.

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“…Resource stress is often implicated as a “push” factor for violence and warfare in the past, with climate figuring prominently (e.g., Ember & Ember, ; Torres‐Rouff & Junqueira, ; Walker, ). A myriad of archeological evidence for large‐scale conflict includes, but is not limited to, fortifications, weapons, iconography, documents, traveler's accounts, and monuments (Hanks, ; Harke, ; Hawkes, ; Herodotus, ; Roper, ; Sanchez, ; Santos, ; Shaw, ; Thordeman, ). Weapon‐related trauma provides skeletal evidence for conflict drawing on an infinite range of contexts whether mass or single graves (Cohen et al, ; Fiorato, Boylston, & Knüsel, ; Jordana et al, ; Khalikov, Lebedinskaya, & Gerasimova, ; Liston & Baker, ; Winlock, ; Zimmerman, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life in the fast lane: Settled pastoralism in the Central Eurasian Steppe during the Middle Bronze Age

Judd

Walker

Miller

et al. 2018

American J Hum Biol

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Skeletal stress markers and injuries were uncommon among the KA-5 and regional groups, but a MBA-LBA high subadult mortality indicates elevated frailty levels and inability to survive acute illnesses. Following an optimal weaning program, subadults were at risk for physiological insult and many succumbed. Only a small number of individuals attained biological maturity during the MBA, suggesting that a fast life history was an adaptive regional response to a less hospitable and perhaps unstable environment.

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A Neurosurgeon's View of the Battle of Reliefs of King Sety I: Aspects of Neurological Importance

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Ancient Observation of Spinal Cord Injury: The Case of the Assyrian Lion

Ancient Observation of Spinal Cord Injury: The Case of the Assyrian Lion

Decision making in head injury management in the Edwin Smith Papyrus

Life in the fast lane: Settled pastoralism in the Central Eurasian Steppe during the Middle Bronze Age

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