A new anaerobic fungus (Oontomyces anksri gen. nov., sp. nov.) from the digestive tract of the Indian camel (Camelus dromedarius)

Dagar, Sumit Singh; Kumar, Sanjay; Griffith, Gareth; Edwards, Joan E.; Callaghan, Tony M.; Singh, Raghuraj; Nagpal, A. K.; Puniya, Anil Kumar

doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2015.04.005

Cited by 65 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The illustrations of the zoospores and the thalli of Neocallimastix and Orpinomyces were derived from this study (Fig. 1d h, a, c, respectively); the thallus of Anaeromyces was derived from Fliegerová et al (2004); the thallus of Oontomyces was derived from Dagar et al (2015); the thallus of Buwchfawromyces was derived from Callaghan et al (2015); the thallus of Cyllamyces was derived from Ozkose et al (2001); and the thalli of Caecomyces and Piromyces were derived from Gruninger et al (2014). Thalli are shown on the left and zoospores are on the right ( scale bars zoospores = 10 µm; sporangium 1, 2, 7 = 20 µm; 3 = 100 µm; 4, 5, 6, 8 = 50 µm).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Two other isolates, NCS2 and NMG2, although on longer branches, also clustered in that clade. The genus Anaeromyces was divided into two sister lineages, one of which is designated here as the core Anaeromyces clade (MP-BS = 96 %; ML-BS = 79 %; PP = 1.0) and included the majority of the Anaeromyces isolates together with the isolate of Oontomyces on a long branch; the second Anaeromyces clade (MP-BS = 100 %; ML-BS = 92 %; PP = 1.0) contained two isolates: FFEX4 from cow faeces in UK (Griffith et al 2009) and AF-CTS-RUA1 from rhinoceros faeces in India (Dagar et al 2015). Koetschan et al (2014) referred to this second clade as a distinct lineage “DT1”, which remains to be characterised morphologically as a novel genus.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Later, the nrDNA sequences from the type material of the Cyllamyces type species ( Cyllamyces aberensis ) were made publicly available (James et al 2006), and the D1/D2 domain of the 28S nrDNA gene (LSU) was used to differentiate the species of Orpinomyces (Dagar et al 2011). Using molecular data, two more genera, Oontomyces (Dagar et al 2015) and Buwchfawromyces (Callaghan et al 2015) were proposed recently. Both genera morphologically fit with the genus Piromyces , but genetically appeared much closer to the genus Anaeromyces .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phylogeny of anaerobic fungi (phylum Neocallimastigomycota), with contributions from yak in China

Wang

Liu

Groenewald

2016

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

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The phylum Neocallimastigomycota contains eight genera (about 20 species) of strictly anaerobic fungi. The evolutionary relationships of these genera are uncertain due to insufficient sequence data to infer their phylogenies. Based on morphology and molecular phylogeny, thirteen isolates obtained from yak faeces and rumen digesta in China were assigned to Neocallimastix frontalis (nine isolates), Orpinomyces joyonii (two isolates) and Caecomyces sp. (two isolates), respectively. The phylogenetic relationships of the eight genera were evaluated using complete ITS and partial LSU sequences, compared to the ITS1 region which has been widely used in this phylum in the past. Five monophyletic lineages corresponding to six of the eight genera were statistically supported. Isolates of Caecomyces and Cyllamyces were present in a single lineage and could not be separated properly. Members of Neocallimastigomycota with uniflagellate zoospores represented by Piromyces were polyphyletic. The Piromyces-like genus Oontomyces was consistently closely related to the traditional Anaeromyces, and separated the latter genus into two clades. The phylogenetic position of the Piromyces-like genus Buwchfawromyces remained unresolved. Orpinomyces and Neocallimastix, sharing polyflagellate zoospores, were supported as sister genera in the LSU phylogeny. Apparently ITS, specifically ITS1 alone, is not a good marker to resolve the generic affinities of the studied fungi. The LSU sequences are easier to align and appear to work well to resolve generic relationships. This study provides a comparative phylogenetic revision of Neocallimastigomycota isolates known from culture and sequence data.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10482-016-0779-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Phylogeny of anaerobic fungi (phylum Neocallimastigomycota), with contributions from yak in China

Wang

Liu

Groenewald

2016

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

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“…Currently, eleven different AGF genera have been described (Ariyawansa 2015; Barr and others 1989; Breton and others 1990; Callaghan and others 2015; Dagar and others 2015; Gold and others 1988; Hanafy and others 2017; Hanafy and others 2018; Heath and others 1983; Joshi and others 2018; Li 2016; Ozkose and others 2001). However, it is reasonable to assume that multiple novel, yet-uncultured AGF lineages remain to be isolated and characterized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seven new Neocallimastigomycota genera from fecal samples of wild, zoo-housed, and domesticated herbivores: Description ofGhazallomyces constrictusgen. nov., sp. nov.,Aklioshbomyces papillarumgen. nov., sp. nov.,Agriosomyces longusgen. nov., sp. nov.,Capellomyces foraminisgen. nov., sp. nov. andCapellomyces elongatussp. nov.,Joblinomyces apicalisgen. nov., sp. nov.,Khoyollomyces ramosusgen. nov., sp. nov., andTahromyces munnarensisgen. nov., sp. nov

Hanafy

Lanjekar

Dhakephalkar

et al. 2019

Preprint

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We isolated and characterized sixty-five anaerobic gut fungi (AGF, Neocallimastigomycota) strains from fecal samples of five wild (W), one zoo-housed (Z), and three domesticated (D) herbivores in the US states of Texas (TX) and Oklahoma (OK), Wales (WA), and the Indian states of Kerala (KE) and Haryana (HA). Phylogenetic assessment based on D1-D2 region of the large rRNA subunit (LSU) identified seven distinct lineages, with strains recovered from Axis Deer (W-TX) clustering within the Orpinomyces-Neocallimastix-Pecoramyces-Feramyces clade; Boer Goat-domesticated Goat strains (W-TX, D-KE) clustering within the Oontomyces-Anaeromyces-Liebetanzomyces clade; and domesticated Goat and Sheep strains (D-HA) as well as Nilgiri Tahr strains (W-KE) forming two distinct clades associated with genus Buwchfawromyces. The remaining three lineages, represented by strains recovered from Mouflon-Boer Goat (W-TX), White Tailed Deer (W-OK), and Zebra-Horse (Z-OK, and D-WA), displayed no specific suprageneric affiliation. All strains displayed monocentric thalli and produced mono/uniflagellate zoospores with the exception of Axis Deer strains, which produced polyflagellate zoospores. Isolates displayed multiple interesting microscopic features including sporangia with tightly constricted necks and fine septa at the base (Axis Deer), papillated and pseudo-intercalary sporangia (White-Tailed Deer), swollen sporangiophores and zoospores with long flagella (Mouflon-Boer Goat), zoospore release through an apical pore followed by either sporangial wall collapse (Axis Deer and Boer Goat-domesticated Goat) or sporangial wall remaining intact after discharge (Zebra-Horse), multi-sporangiated thalli with branched sporangiophores (Zebra-Horse), and short sporangiophores with subsporangial swellings (Nilgiri Tahr). Internal transcribed spacer-1 region (ITS-1) sequence analysis indicated that Zebra-Horse strains are representatives of the AL1 lineage, frequently encountered in culture-independent surveys of the alimentary tract and fecal samples from hindgut fermenters. The other six lineages, five of which were isolated from wild herbivores, have not been previously encountered in such surveys. Our results significantly expand the genus level diversity within the Neocallimastigomycota, and strongly suggest that wild herbivores represent a yet-untapped reservoir of AGF diversity. We propose the creation of seven novel genera and eight novel Neocallimastigomycota species to accommodate these strains, for which we propose the names Agriosomyces longus (Mouflon and wild Boer Goat), Aklioshbomyces papillarum (White tailed Deer), Capellomyces foraminis (wild Boar Goat) and C. elongatus (domesticated Goat), Ghazallomyces constrictus (Axis Deer), Joblinomyces apicalis (domesticated Goat and Sheep), Khoyollomyces ramosus (Zebra-Horse), and Tahromyces munnarensis (Nilgiri Tahr). The type species are strains Axs-31, WT-2, MS-4, BGB-11, GFKJa1916, GFH683, ZS-33, and TDFKJa193, respectively.

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“…That kind of reductions in enzyme activity might be caused by cumulative mutation in the regulatory mechanism (Stewart et al, 1990;Ekinci et al, 2006). Since discovery of the AGF by Orpin (1975) from the rumen digesta of sheep, more than 20 species under 8 genera have been reported and degradation of fibrolytic plant material is a common property of all of them including recently erected species including Caecomyces sympodialis (Chen et al, 2007), Oontomyces anksri (Dagar et al, 2015a) and Buwchfawromyces eastonii (Callaghan et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Esansiyel Yağların Eklenmesinin, Sığırlardan İzole Edilen Rumen Funguslarının Yaşama Oranları ve Lignoselülolitik Enzim Aktivitelerine Etkileri

Özköse

2017

Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi

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Due to the ban on antibiotics and ionophores, which were used as feed supplements, scientists have become more interested in evaluating other alternatives to control the rumen fermentation. Plant essential oils might be alternative to that kind of supplements for farm animals. However, our knowledge about the possible effects of plant essential oils on survival rate and enzyme activity of anaerobic fungi (besides other rumen microbes) is still limited. Current study, therefore, aimed to determine the effects of plant essential oils on this unique group of rumen microorganisms. Effects of various dosages of myrtle (Myrtus communis), juniper (Juniperus communis), melissa (Melissa officinalis) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris) plant essential oil, which have antimicrobial properties, were investigated on survival rate and enzyme activity of Neocallimastix sp. GMLF2 and Orpinomyces sp. GMLF18. Accordingly, plant essential oils were dissolved in ethyl alcohol and added into medium. Fungal growth (Neocallimastix sp. GMLF2 and Orpinomyces sp. GMLF18) was completely inhibited in the 1 mg/ml essential oil concentration of culture medium. Furthermore carboxymethylcellulase and xylanase activities were decreased remarkably when 0.5 mg/ml concentration of essential oil was added into culture media regardless of type of the oil.

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A new anaerobic fungus (Oontomyces anksri gen. nov., sp. nov.) from the digestive tract of the Indian camel (Camelus dromedarius)

Cited by 65 publications

References 30 publications

Phylogeny of anaerobic fungi (phylum Neocallimastigomycota), with contributions from yak in China

Phylogeny of anaerobic fungi (phylum Neocallimastigomycota), with contributions from yak in China

Esansiyel Yağların Eklenmesinin, Sığırlardan İzole Edilen Rumen Funguslarının Yaşama Oranları ve Lignoselülolitik Enzim Aktivitelerine Etkileri

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