Catheterization of arteria epigastrica cranialis, measurement of nutrient arteriovenous differences and evaluation of daily plasma ow across the mammary gland of lactating sows.The objectives of the present study were: (i) to evaluate a novel procedure for catheterization of the mammary artery; (ii) to measure amino acid, glucose and calcium arteriovenous differences in lactating sows; and (iii) to evaluate the use of different markers in estimating mammary plasma ow by the Fick principle. Five multiparous sows were tted with two catheters, in the cranial epigastric artery and anterior mammary vein. Catheterization of the cranial epigastric artery was carried out with a new surgical technique. Implanted catheters remained functional until day 15 (in two animals), day 21 (one animal) and day 27 (one animal), whereas in one case this technique failed. Sampling of arterial and venous blood took place on days 9, 15, 21 and 27 of lactation. Mean extraction rates 9 SEM (percent) were 31.2 9 3.1 arginine (Arg), 16.4 92.5 glutamine (Gln), 27.2 9 5.7 threonine (Thr), 8.3 9 2.6 glycine (Gly), 12.4 9 2.7 alanine (Ala), 20.2 9 3.4 tyrosine (Tyr), 18.1 92.8 proline (Pro), 28.2 96.2 methionine (Met), 18.592.2 valine (Val), 26.4 9 3.1 phenylalanine (Phe), 30.2 9 3.1 isoleucine (Ile), 41.4 9 3.4 leucine (Leu), 32.2 9 4.0 lysine (Lys) and 20.09 2.76 glucose. There was a relatively high abundance of lysine in milk compared with the amount extracted from plasma. This suggests lysine to be limiting in the present experimental situation, which was probably due to a low feed intake only providing 31.4 g Lys day ¼ 1 on average.