Based on the Venturi self-pumping effect, real-time sniffing
with
mass spectrometry (R-sniffing MS) is developed as a tool for direct
and real-time mass spectrometric analysis of both gaseous and solid
samples. It is capable of dual-mode operation in either gaseous or
solid phase, with the corresponding techniques termed as Rg-sniffing MS and Rs-sniffing MS, respectively. In its
gaseous mode, Rg-sniffing MS is capable of analyzing a
gaseous mixture with response time (0.8–2.1 s rise time and
7.3–9.6 s fall time), spatial resolution (<80 μm),
three-dimensional diffusion imaging, and aroma distribution imaging
of red pepper. In its solid mode, an appropriate solvent droplet desorbs
the sample from a solid surface, followed by the aspiration of the
mixture using the Venturi self-pumping effect into the mass spectrometer,
wherein it is ionized by a standard ion source. Compared with the
desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) technique, Rs-sniffing MS demonstrated considerably improved limit of detection
(LOD) values for arginine (0.07 μg/cm2 Rs-sniffing vs 1.47 μg/cm2 DESI),
thymopentin (0.10 μg/cm2
vs 2.67
μg/cm2), and bacitracin (0.16 μg/cm2
vs 2.28 μg/cm2). Rs-sniffing is applicable for the detection of C60(OCH3)6Cl–, an intermediate in the
methoxylation reaction involving C60Cl6 (solid)
and methanol (liquid). The convenient and highly sensitive R-sniffing
MS has a characteristic separation of desorption from the ionization
process, in which the matrix atmosphere of desorption can be interfaced
by a pipe channel and self-pumped by the Venturi effect with consequent
integration using a standard ion source. The R-sniffing MS operates
in a voltage-, heat-, and vibration-free environment, wherein the
analyte is ionized by a standard ion source. Consequently, a wide
range of samples can be analyzed simultaneously by the R-sniffing
MS technique, regardless of their physical state.