A new approach in wetland systems for domestic wastewater treatment using Phragmites sp.

Effectiveness of Domestic Wastewater Treatment Using a Bio-Hedge Water Hyacinth Wetland System

“…Seasonal variations in temperature (over Pune city, India) might not have a substantial influence on the treatment efficiency in constructed wetland systems, especially under lab-scale conditions, because there is little difference in temperature throughout the year; this detection was observed in previous experiments [16,17]. After the acclimatization period, the experiments were initiated during February 2008-January 2009 (approximately one year) to determine the state of the Bio-hedge shallow pond system in terms of the hydraulic retention time (HRT), treatment performance and plant growth with the intention of organic pollutant elimination considering the effluent discharge norms specified by the local pollution control board (COD < 100 mg/L and biochemical oxygen demand BOD5 < 30 mg/L).…”

“…has been reported as a new relevant technology in constructed wetlands treating domestic sewage [17,18]. The concept of operation is void of the soil strata used in the root zone systems, and in lieu a support matrix (assembled by the number of vertical PVC pipes) is provided to enrich the microbial population in the form of biofilm within wetland unit.…”

Handling Water through Irrigation Watershed Management for Coping with Stream Pollution Dilution in Phetchaburi River, Thailand

“…Lack of water consumption could be pronounced on waterworks, irrigation, industry, sea water intrusion, and recreation (Wang et al, 1978;Vagnetti et al, 2003;Wahla & Kirkham, 2008). In principles, every water course has their own self-purification capacity in limit conditions of natural dissolved oxygen availability, the balance of organic matter inputs and rate of organic digestion processes as well as very dense population and natural disasters from heavy rain and floods (Robinson & Maris, 1985;Cazelles et al, 1991;Randall & Mulla, 2000;Pastel & Richter, 2003;Vagnetti et al, 2003;Tanji et al, 2006;Wahla & Kirkham, 2008;Srigate, 2009;Valipour et al, 2009;Wang et al, 2010;Rakthai, 2012). In reference to aforesaid issues, watershed management, which is defined as the environmental systems for managing water, has been initiated in order to relieve stream water quality problems down to at least to meet the desirable quality water for specific targets (Chunkao et al, 1981;Chu et al, 2010;Chunkao et al, 2010).…”

“…In reference to aforesaid issues, watershed management, which is defined as the environmental systems for managing water, has been initiated in order to relieve stream water quality problems down to at least to meet the desirable quality water for specific targets (Chunkao et al, 1981;Chu et al, 2010;Chunkao et al, 2010). In other words, there are some watersheds that specify its own management criteria for specific water yields (quantity, quality, and flow regime) but it is usually under the multiple use purposiveness for general public land areas as explained by Robinson and Maris (1985); Linsley et al (1988); Cazelles et al (1991); Tanji et al (2006); However, Chunkao (2008); Valipour et al (2009) ;Wang et al (2010); Mangimbulude et al (2012) and Kraus et al (2014) described that the specific purpose in watershed management would be provided to serve needs of water managers in order to achieve the project goal without any delay of work program.…”

“…Conceptually, the Phetchaburi river pollution should not be occurred if the Phetchaburi diversion dam managing unit was well planned for distributing water to feed the double-crop paddy field, Hua Hin Waterworks, and Phetchaburi River for maintaining sustainable aquatic ecosystems under optimized benefits each other. In the same manner, wastewater from households, communities, municipals, industries, livestock, and cropping areas has to be treated before draining into Phetchaburi River (Valipour et al, 2009;PCD, 2010;Chunkao et al, 2012;PCD, 2013). Naturally, the pollutants of stream pollution are composed of organic matter as a major component, toxic and non-toxic chemicals, microorganisms, and gases which obtained from the point sources of communities, industries, livestock, croplands, and transportation (Robinson and Maris 1985;Loomis et al, 2000;Vagnetti et al, 2003;Chen et al, 2008;Chunkao, 2010;PCD, 2013).…”