A New Approach of Innovation: from the Knowledge Economy to the Theory of Creativity Applied to Territorial Development

Abstract

The general idea of this paper is the fact that the theory of innovation cannot be completed as long as the idea of creativity is not introduced in the analysis of the cognitive processes involved. Too often, in innovation studies, novelty is considered as pure knowledge creation. The new approach of creativity in management science, economic geography, or sociology of innovation has revealed the importance of other ingredients than knowledge: entrepreneurship, serendipity, imagination, etc. In particular, creative cities are not just knowledge-based territories. For addressing the issue of creative territories, we need first to define creativity in general and in different domains: in science (discovery), technology (invention), or economy (innovation), as well as in artistic, cultural, or societal fields. We will underline the necessity to be creative in policy design as well. It is not enough to build knowledge infrastructures and to promote human capital or attract Bcreative people.^Are there recipes for the creative governance of geographical entities? What can we learn from the application of standard policies? And from the new policy paradigms like the Smart specialization strategy of the EU? At microeconomic level, entrepreneurs and creative organizations must deal with the exploration/exploitation issues and find an acceptable tradeoff. Territories must also find relevant governance structures and procedures for the Bcreative^design of development strategies. In this perspective, they can rely on certain actors of the innovation process, like knowledge-based business services, and some talented individuals, for implementing the necessary distributed intelligence.

Organizational Creativity Management: Discussion Elements

“…From the simple generation of ideas to the concept of complex undertakings, the creative process has been expanding its scope in recent years to include a view of collective creativity shaped by social networks that are able to increase innovation in an organic and rhizomatic realm of organizational interactions (Héraud, 2016). In this sense, organizations establish new roles, systems and processes to actively engender, support and manage creative activities to be transformed into innovative products (Bergendahl & Magnusson, 2015;Elerud-Tryde & Hooge, 2014;Harrison & Rouse, 2015).…”

Research on knowledge innovation of supply chain enterprises from the perspective of the thermodynamic entropy theory

“…At the same time, they also point out the main content of knowledge management in supply chain and provide the corresponding strategy. Heraud [6], consider that knowledge management is to improve the efficiency of knowledge innovation and application and make the knowledge level of supply chain members to achieve coordination and optimization. Chen et al [7] believe that enterprises share and utilize the knowledge of upstream and downstream enterprises through knowledge-based supply chain cooperation, which makes the knowledge of each member enterprise in the supply chain continuously improve its value in the movement, so as to enhance the core competencies of the entire supply chain.…”

Criatividade aberta: proposição teórica de análise a partir dos espaços de <em>coworking</em>

“…Isso é condizente com a ideia de que profissionais participantes de densas redes transacionais, dos mais variados tipos, estão em uma posição mais favorável para adquirir informações úteis e explorar suas amplas potencialidades, se comparados àqueles que são socialmente mais isolados (SCOTT, 2014), posição convergente com a de Hall (1996), para quem a densidade, a interação humana e a sinergia são fundamentos essenciais da criatividade. Ou ainda, com o trabalho de Héraud (2016), que evidencia um repertório social cognitivo desenvolvido em comunidades vinculadas a determinados territórios, como significativos para uma criatividade coletiva.…”

“…A lógica do uso coletivo e aberto para encontrar soluções para os desafios contemporâneos por meio de parcerias com agentes externos tem se intensificado (BOGERS; CHESBROUGH; MOEDAS, 2018). Tal prática tem sido utilizada tanto no desenvolvimento de produtos, exemplificado no sistema computacional Linux, como em parcerias em contextos urbanos (HÉRAUD, 2016), exemplificado nos clusters ou em coworkings, bem como, no universo organizacional (PILAV-VELIC; MARJANOVIC, 2016; SCOZZI; BELLANTUONO; PONTRANDOLFO, 2017). Empresas também têm recorrido a aceleradoras de inovação, caracterizadas por startups parceiras que se valem de suas caraterísticas mais dinâmicas e criativas, para ampliar a inovação disruptiva (RICHTER; JACKSON; SCHILDHAUER, 2018).…”