regstdpy C., Heraud J.-A. and Perry, B. (2007) Multi-level governance, regions and science in France: between competition and equality, Regional Studies 41, 1069-1084. This article examines the relevance of the concept of multi-level governance for understanding changes in science policy in France. It explores the emergence of a pattern of multi-level governance, particularly in relation to arenas for negotiation between national and regional levels. Compromises are made between the principles of competition and equality and there is great diversity across regions in terms of the capacities for developing bottom-up strategies for science-based development. The article highlights the prerequisites for the development of a multi-level polity and emphasizes the continued role that central government retains in the global design of science policy. regstdpy C., Heraud J.-A. et Perry B. (2007) La gouvernance a plusieurs niveaux de la politique de l'science en Angleterre, Regional Studies 41, 1069-1084. Cet article cherche a esquisser les derniers changements de la gouvernance de la politique de science en Angleterre et a evaluer la naissance recente des politiques de science regionales. Sur le plan infra-national, le debut des annees 2000 a ete marque par une importante mobilisation, representation et creation institutionnelle par moyen des conseils pour la science et l'industrie regionaux. Des fonctions de politique complementaires se sont developpees sur les plans national et regional, et on commence a deceler des felures dans le controle de l'Etat, surtout a la lumiere du renforcement du rapport entre la science et le developpement economique. Il s'est fait le jour un systeme minimal de gouvernance a plusieurs niveaux qui embrasse et protege les paradigmes de politique anterieurs. L'importance des derniers developpements infra-nationaux est limitee par les structures de gouvernance, par les cadres pour l'action et par les discours de politique dominants qui se combinent pour contraindre le developpement de strategies en faveur de la croissance regionale et locale basee sur la science. Gouvernance a plusieurs niveaux Politique de S et T Developpement economique Regions Grandes villes Angleterre regstdpy C., Heraud J.-A. und Perry B. (2007) Regierungsfuhrung auf mehreren Ebenen, Regionen und Wissenschaft in Frankreich: zwischen Wettbewerb und Gleichheit, Regional Studies 41, 1069-1084. In diesem Artikel untersuchen wir die Relevanz des Konzepts einer Regierungsfuhrung auf mehreren Ebenen fur das Verstandnis der Veranderungen in der Wissenschaftspolitik Frankreichs. Erkundet wird das Auftreten eines Musters der Regierungsfuhrung auf mehreren Ebenen, insbesondere in Bezug auf Arenen fur Verhandlungen zwischen nationalen und regionalen Ebenen. Es werden Kompromisse geschlossen zwischen den Prinzipien des Wettbewerbs und der Gleichheit, und es gibt eine grosse Vielfalt zwischen den Regionen hinsichtlich der Kapazitaten zur Entwicklung von Bottom-up-Strategien fur eine wissenschaftsbasierte Entwicklung. In dem Artikel hebe...
The general idea of this paper is the fact that the theory of innovation cannot be completed as long as the idea of creativity is not introduced in the analysis of the cognitive processes involved. Too often, in innovation studies, novelty is considered as pure knowledge creation. The new approach of creativity in management science, economic geography, or sociology of innovation has revealed the importance of other ingredients than knowledge: entrepreneurship, serendipity, imagination, etc. In particular, creative cities are not just knowledge-based territories. For addressing the issue of creative territories, we need first to define creativity in general and in different domains: in science (discovery), technology (invention), or economy (innovation), as well as in artistic, cultural, or societal fields. We will underline the necessity to be creative in policy design as well. It is not enough to build knowledge infrastructures and to promote human capital or attract Bcreative people.^Are there recipes for the creative governance of geographical entities? What can we learn from the application of standard policies? And from the new policy paradigms like the Smart specialization strategy of the EU? At microeconomic level, entrepreneurs and creative organizations must deal with the exploration/exploitation issues and find an acceptable tradeoff. Territories must also find relevant governance structures and procedures for the Bcreative^design of development strategies. In this perspective, they can rely on certain actors of the innovation process, like knowledge-based business services, and some talented individuals, for implementing the necessary distributed intelligence.
The aim of this paper is to provide insights into the implications of the European Commission’s smart specialisation agenda in a specific, cross-border context. The paper critically reflects on some of the RIS3 (research and innovation strategies for smart specialisation) agenda’s premises by illustrating its practical implementation in the Upper Rhine area (i.e. Alsace in France and Baden-Württemberg in Germany). The first section revisits not only the smart specialisation concept in itself but also discusses it vis-à-vis the thematic of cross-border regional innovation systems and outlines some implications that it may have for the choice of innovation policy instruments. The second section introduces the specific framework of the Upper Rhine area and outlines possible options for the co-ordination of innovation policies on the basis of a yet to be developed, theoretically possible joint RIS3 strategy. The last section brings together these conceptual and applied perspectives on smart specialisation and outlines suggestions for progressive cross-border integration via regional innovation policies
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