A new approach to patch testing patients with para‐phenylenediamine allergy secondary to temporary black henna tattoos

Ho, S G Y; White, Ian R.; Rycroft, R. J. G.; McFadden, John

doi:10.1111/j.0105-1873.2004.0424d.x

Cited by 52 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The high dose induced a statistically significant increase in the incidence of hepatic neoplasia in male rats and it induced a significant dose-related positive trend in the incidence of liver neoplasms in both sexes [22]. p-Phenylenediamine, added to sample 7, was reported to induce allergy [23,24]; it also caused dermal toxicity and pathomorphological lesions in guinea-pigs [25]. A recent study revealed that p-phenylenediamine induced DNA damage in SV-40 immortalized human uroepithelial cells [26] and p53-mediated apoptosis in Mardin-Darby canine kidney cells [27].…”

Section: Toxicity Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of lawsone in henna powders by high performance thin layer chromatography

El-Shaer

Badr

Aboul-Ela

et al. 2007

J of Separation Science

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The lawsone content has been evaluated quantitatively in eight commercial henna powders and two collected henna leaves. The phenolic, chloroform-soluble fraction of the majority of the examined samples showed the presence of lawsone and two other pigments. Here we aimed to optimize high performance thin layer chromatography for the determination of lawsone. Upon using the optimized method the examined samples showed considerable variation in lawsone concentration ranging from 0.004 up to 0.608 wt%, indicating that some samples were almost devoid of lawsone. Some of these products were subjected to preliminary in vivo toxicity studies.

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Section: Toxicity Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of lawsone in henna powders by high performance thin layer chromatography

El-Shaer

Badr

Aboul-Ela

et al. 2007

J of Separation Science

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“…Temporary tattoos made with henna, especially black henna, have also been reported to contain PPD, causing allergic contact dermatitis [3,4,7]. In our case it is possible that the previous use of black henna tattoos, common in the Moroccan culture, was the initial sensitisation for the development of the described allergic contact dermatitis since the dermatitis already occurred 12 h after the dying procedure [2]. Diagnosis can be made through patch testing including PPD in the standard set, although in such cases the test concentrations should be lowered to 0.01% in order to avoid severe reactions [2,4].…”

mentioning

confidence: 74%

“…In our case it is possible that the previous use of black henna tattoos, common in the Moroccan culture, was the initial sensitisation for the development of the described allergic contact dermatitis since the dermatitis already occurred 12 h after the dying procedure [2]. Diagnosis can be made through patch testing including PPD in the standard set, although in such cases the test concentrations should be lowered to 0.01% in order to avoid severe reactions [2,4]. It would also be useful to include a test for textile dyes as they frequently also cross react with PPD, so that patients can avoid these in the future.…”

mentioning

confidence: 83%

Hair-dye allergy: a coloured case

Hink

Winter

2005

Eur J Pediatr

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“…Therefore, patch testing with PPD is recommended to be performed in a step-wise procedure starting with a low concentration of 0.01 % PPD in petrolatum. If the concentration of 0.01 % PPD has not elicited any allergic skin reaction at the first reading, a new patch test chamber with a stronger concentration can be applied of 0.1 or 1.0 % PPD in petrolatum [57]. This titration of PPD dose ensures that children with a high reactivity to PPD are diagnosed with the lowest possible dose of PPD for the shortest duration of time.…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

p-Phenylenediamine and Risk of Sensitization in Children

Schwensen

Johansen

2014

Curr Treat Options Allergy

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Opinion statementContact allergy to p-phenylenediamine (PPD) in children has been described over almost 2 decades, indicating a major problem. PPD can be found in permanent hair dyes and temporary henna tattoos. Children often get sensitized to PPD at a relatively young age when getting a temporary henna tattoo while away on holiday in exotic surroundings. This results in a localized acute allergic reaction at the site of the tattoo within 1-2 weeks after the tattoo has been drawn. The symptoms will clear over weeks on treatment with topical corticosteroids. However, sensitization to PPD will be life-long and may later result in very severe allergic reactions if re-exposure to PPD happens, e.g., by hair dyeing. Populationbased studies indicate that even young children may get their hair dyed and that many teenage girls dye their hair regularly. Exposure to permanent hair dyes with PPD and related substances may in itself lead to PPD sensitization and severe allergic reactions. The allergic reaction will typically develop within hours after dyeing the hair, with clinical presented symptoms such as facial edema and facial dermatitis, which also may generalize. This may lead to hospital admission and treatment with systemic corticosteroids. It is important to note that this is a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction and should be treated as such. Antihistamines have no effect in this situation. PPD sensitization may have long-term carrier consequences, as, for example, PPD contact allergy in a teenage girl may hinder her entering the hairdressing trade. Patch testing is used to make the diagnosis of PPD sensitization. In children with severe clinical reactions to temporary henna tattoos and/or permanent hair dyes, it is advisable to start the patch testing with PPD in a low concentration, e.g., 0.01 % PPD in petrolatum. It is not recommended to get temporary henna tattoos under any circumstances and children under the age of 16 years should not use permanent hair dyes in order to avoid severe allergic reactions and life-long sensitization to PPD.

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A new approach to patch testing patients with para‐phenylenediamine allergy secondary to temporary black henna tattoos

Cited by 52 publications

References 3 publications

Determination of lawsone in henna powders by high performance thin layer chromatography

Determination of lawsone in henna powders by high performance thin layer chromatography

Hair-dye allergy: a coloured case

p-Phenylenediamine and Risk of Sensitization in Children

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