“…18 Although reports of luminescent sensors for cobalt are relatively limited, several different material classes have been evaluated for cobalt detection, including metal-organic frameworks, 19–22 metal nanoparticles, 23–27 quantum dots, 28–30 organic molecules, 31–37 silicon nanomaterials, 38 polymers, 39 metal complexes, 40 and graphene/carbon quantum dots. 41–53 However, many of the sensors are not suitable for deployment in low pH environments 19,26,36,40,44,49,54–57 or aqueous systems, 22,32,40 suffer from cross-sensitivity in the sensing response when other metal ions are present, 28,39,41,43,53 and/or require a long or tedious synthetic approach. 21,35,37 Moreover, these luminescent sensors for cobalt have not been evaluated on low-cost, portable platforms that would be required for real-time process monitoring or cobalt prospecting, and often aren’t tested in conditions relevant for coal utilizaiton byproduct streams ( e.g.…”