A new Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS) 2. Formulation of chemistry scheme and initialization

McKenna, D. S.; Grooß, Jens‐Uwe; Günther, G.; Konopka, Paul; Müller, Rolf; Carver, G. D.; Sasano, Yasuhiro

doi:10.1029/2000jd000113

Cited by 181 publications

(165 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In late March, after substantial ozone loss, a strong deviation from the reference relation is obvious. The ozone-tracer relation in March is 'not' compact because of a chemical reason, namely substantially different chemical ozone loss in different parts of the polar vortex (McKenna et al, 2002a;Tilmes et al, 2003b). In early May 1997, compact ozone-tracer relations were again observed in the remaining vortex, consistent with the view that mixing in the vortex had, by that time, homogenised the vortex air mass again.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Impact of mixing and chemical change on ozone-tracer relations in the polar vortex

Müller¹,

Tilmes

Konopka³

et al. 2005

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Tracer-tracer relations have been used for a long time to separate physico-chemical change from change caused by transport processes. In particular, for more than a decade, ozone-tracer relations have been used to quantify chemical ozone loss in the polar vortex. The application of ozone-tracer relations for quantifying ozone loss relies on two hypotheses: that a compact ozone-tracer relation is established in the 'early' polar vortex and that any change of the ozone-tracer relation in the vortex over the course of winter is caused predominantly by chemical ozone loss. Here, we revisit this issue by analysing various sets of measurements and the results from several models. We find that mixing across the polar vortex edge impacts ozone-tracer relations in a way that may solely lead to an 'underestimation' of chemical ozone loss and not to an overestimation. Further, differential descent in the vortex and internal mixing has only a negligible impact on ozone loss estimates. Moreover, the representation of mixing in three-dimensional atmospheric models can have a substantial impact on the development of tracer relations in the model. Rather compact ozonetracer relations develop -in agreement with observationsin the vortex of a Lagrangian model (CLaMS) where mixing is anisotropic and driven by the deformation of the flow. We conclude that, if a reliable 'early vortex' reference can be obtained and if vortex measurements are separated from mid-latitude measurements, ozone-tracer relations constitute a reliable tool for the quantitative determination of chemical ozone loss in the polar vortex.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Impact of mixing and chemical change on ozone-tracer relations in the polar vortex

Müller¹,

Tilmes

Konopka³

et al. 2005

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…The simulations presented here were performed with the Chemical Lagrangian model of the Stratosphere (McKenna et al, 2002; (CLaMS); the setup follows closely one used earlier (Grooß et al, 2011;Zafar, 2016). The model is used in box-model mode, where stratospheric chemistry is calculated for air parcels along threedimensional trajectories.…”

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3). We have repeated the reference run using the CLaMS model (McKenna et al, 2002;) in box-model mode for multiple trajectories. We employ a set of realistic trajectories passing the South Pole at 400 K potential temperature (in late September/early October) including diabatic descent and latitude variations (taken from Grooß et al, 2011).…”

Section: Sensitivity Of Ozone Loss On Stratospheric Methane and Chlormentioning

confidence: 99%

The maintenance of elevated active chlorine levels in the Antarctic lower stratosphere through HCl null cycles

Müller¹,

Grooß²,

Zafar

et al. 2018

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. The Antarctic ozone hole arises from ozone destruction driven by elevated levels of ozone destroying ("active") chlorine in Antarctic spring. These elevated levels of active chlorine have to be formed first and then maintained throughout the period of ozone destruction. It is a matter of debate how this maintenance of active chlorine is brought about in Antarctic spring, when the rate of formation of HCl (considered to be the main chlorine deactivation mechanism in Antarctica) is extremely high. Here we show that in the heart of the ozone hole (16-18 km or 85-55 hPa, in the core of the vortex), high levels of active chlorine are maintained by effective chemical cycles (referred to as HCl null cycles hereafter). In these cycles, the formation of HCl is balanced by immediate reactivation, i.e. by immediate reformation of active chlorine. Under these conditions, polar stratospheric clouds sequester HNO 3 and thereby cause NO 2 concentrations to be low. These HCl null cycles allow active chlorine levels to be maintained in the Antarctic lower stratosphere and thus rapid ozone destruction to occur. For the observed almost complete activation of stratospheric chlorine in the lower stratosphere, the heterogeneous reaction HCl + HOCl is essential; the production of HOCl occurs via HO 2 + ClO, with the HO 2 resulting from CH 2 O photolysis. These results are important for assessing the impact of changes of the future stratospheric composition on the recovery of the ozone hole. Our simulations indicate that, in the lower stratosphere, future increased methane concentrations will not lead to enhanced chlorine deactivation (through the reaction CH 4 + Cl −→ HCl+CH 3 ) and that extreme ozone destruction to levels below ≈ 0.1 ppm will occur until mid-century.

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“…The altitude range of the measurements extends from ∼15 km to 60-130 km, depending on the species (see Tab. 3). Although the vertical resolution of the profiles is ∼1.6 km, the data were included in the BDBP since these measurements provide good global coverage and have been used in numerous previous studies (McKenna et al, 2002;Steil et al, 2003;Remsberg and Deaver, 2005). For every measurement a measurement error is also provided in the source data files and these are added to the BDBP.…”

Section: Screening Of Sage I Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Technical Note: A new global database of trace gases and aerosols from multiple sources of high vertical resolution measurements

2008

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Abstract.A new database of trace gases and aerosols with global coverage, derived from high vertical resolution profile measurements, has been assembled as a collection of binary data files; hereafter referred to as the "Binary DataBase of Profiles" (BDBP). Version 1.0 of the BDBP, described here, includes measurements from different satellite-(HALOE, POAM II and III, SAGE I and II) and ground-based measurement systems (ozonesondes). In addition to the primary product of ozone, secondary measurements of other trace gases, aerosol extinction, and temperature are included. All data are subjected to very strict quality control and for every measurement a percentage error on the measurement is included. To facilitate analyses, each measurement is added to 3 different instances (3 different grids) of the database where measurements are indexed by: (1) geographic latitude, longitude, altitude (in 1 km steps) and time, (2) geographic latitude, longitude, pressure (at levels ∼1 km apart) and time, (3) equivalent latitude, potential temperature (8 levels from 300 K to 650 K) and time.In contrast to existing zonal mean databases, by including a wider range of measurement sources (both satellite and ozonesondes), the BDBP is sufficiently dense to permit calculation of changes in ozone by latitude, longitude and altitude. In addition, by including other trace gases such as water vapour, this database can be used for comprehensive radiative transfer calculations. By providing the original measurements rather than derived monthly means, the BDBP is applicable to a wider range of applications than databases containing only monthly mean data. Monthly mean zonal mean ozone concentrations calculated from the BDBP are compared with the database of Randel and Wu, which has been Correspondence to: B. Hassler (b.hassler@niwa.co.nz) used in many earlier analyses. As opposed to that database which is generated from regression model fits, the BDBP uses the original (quality controlled) measurements with no smoothing applied in any way and as a result displays higher natural variability.

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A new Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS) 2. Formulation of chemistry scheme and initialization

Cited by 181 publications

References 41 publications

Impact of mixing and chemical change on ozone-tracer relations in the polar vortex

Impact of mixing and chemical change on ozone-tracer relations in the polar vortex

The maintenance of elevated active chlorine levels in the Antarctic lower stratosphere through HCl null cycles

Technical Note: A new global database of trace gases and aerosols from multiple sources of high vertical resolution measurements

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