“…Because the nucleic acids contain all the primary information that specifies the complete make-up and characteristics of an organism, probes should be able to be designed which are not only entirely specific, but related to the organism's genealogy and are specific at the different taxonomic levels of genus and species, or for a particular gene of interest, such as a pathogenic factor. Many nucleic acid probes have now been produced, mainly in research laboratories, although some have been commercialized (Klinger et a/., 1988;Barry, Powell and Gannon, 1990). However, probe hybridization is invariably measured using 32p.…”