A new commelinid monocot seed fossil from the early Eocene previously identified as Solanaceae

Särkinen, Tiina; Kottner, Sören; Stuppy, Wolfgang; Ahmed, Farah K.; Knapp, Sandra

doi:10.1002/ajb2.1009

Cited by 11 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…These fossils, placed in crown group Physalis , are dated to 52.2 mya, which is roughly the age inferred for the entire crown group Solanaceae in previous work (Särkinen et al., ; De‐Silva et al., ). This contrast highlights the need for a complete reassessment of Solanaceae fossils (Särkinen et al., , ; Wilf et al., ), together with a new family‐wide dating analysis including all reliable fossil taxa.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeated evolution of a morphological novelty: a phylogenetic analysis of the inflated fruiting calyx in the Physalideae tribe (Solanaceae)

Deanna

Larter

Barboza

et al. 2019

American J of Botany

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PREMISE OF THE STUDY:The evolution of novel fruit morphologies has been integral to the success of angiosperms. The inflated fruiting calyx, in which the balloon-like calyx swells to completely surround the fruit, has evolved repeatedly across angiosperms and is postulated to aid in protection and dispersal. We investigated the evolution of this trait in the tomatillos and their allies (Physalideae, Solanaceae). METHODS:The Physalideae phylogeny was estimated using four regions (ITS, LEAFY, trnL-F, waxy) with maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference. Under the best-fitting ML model of trait evolution, we estimated ancestral states along with the numbers of gains and losses of fruiting calyx accrescence and inflation with Bayesian stochastic mapping. Also, phylogenetic signal in calyx morphology was examined with two metrics (parsimony score and Fritz and Purvis's D).KEY RESULTS: Based on our well-resolved and densely sampled phylogeny, we infer that calyx evolution has proceeded in a stepwise and directional fashion, from non-accrescent to accrescent to inflated. In total, we inferred 24 gains of accrescence, 24 subsequent transitions to a fully inflated calyx, and only two reversals. Despite this lability, fruiting calyx accrescence and inflation showed strong phylogenetic signal. CONCLUSIONS:Our phylogeny greatly improves the resolution of Physalideae and highlights the need for taxonomic work. The comparative analyses reveal that the inflated fruiting calyx has evolved many times and that the trajectory toward this phenotype is generally stepwise and irreversible. These results provide a strong foundation for studying the genetic and developmental mechanisms responsible for the repeated origins of this charismatic fruit trait.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeated evolution of a morphological novelty: a phylogenetic analysis of the inflated fruiting calyx in the Physalideae tribe (Solanaceae)

Deanna

Larter

Barboza

et al. 2019

American J of Botany

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“…These fossils, placed in crown group Physalis , are dated to 52.2 mya, which is roughly the age inferred for the entire crown group Solanaceae in previous work (Särkinen et al, 2013; De-Silva et al, 2017). This contrast highlights the need for a complete reassessment of Solanaceae fossils (Wilf et al, 2017; Särkinen et al, 2013, 2018), together with a new family-wide dating analysis including all reliable fossil taxa.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeated evolution of a morphological novelty: a phylogenetic analysis of the inflated fruiting calyx in the Physalideae tribe (Solanaceae)

Deanna

Larter

Barboza

et al. 2018

Preprint

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PREMISE OF THE STUDYThe evolution of novel fruit morphologies has been integral to the success of angiosperms. The inflated fruiting calyx, in which the balloon-like calyx swells to completely surround the fruit, has evolved repeatedly across angiosperms and is postulated to aid in protection and dispersal. Here we investigate the evolution of this trait in the tomatillos and their allies (Physalideae, Solanaceae), using a newly estimated phylogeny and a suite of comparative methods to infer evolutionary gains and losses.METHODSThe Physalideae phylogeny was estimated using DNA sequences from four regions (ITS, LEAFY, trnL-F, waxy) using maximum likelihood and Bayesian Inference. Maximum likelihood model selection was used to determine the best fitting model of trait evolution. Using this model, we estimated ancestral states along with the numbers of gains and losses of fruiting calyx accrescence and inflation with Bayesian stochastic mapping. Also, phylogenetic signal in calyx morphology was examined with two metrics (parsimony score and Fritz and Purvis’ D).KEY RESULTSThe well resolved phylogeny points to multiple taxa in need of revision, including the eight genera that are non-monophyletic as presently circumscribed. Model fitting indicated that calyx evolution has proceeded in stepwise fashion, from non-accrescent, to accrescent, to inflated. Moreover, these transitions appear to be largely irreversible. Among the 215 sampled Physalideae, we inferred 24 gains of fruiting calyx accrescence, 24 subsequent transitions to a fully inflated calyx and only two reversals. A median of 50 shifts were estimated in total across the clade from the ancestral non-accrescent calyx. Nonetheless, fruiting calyx accrescence and inflation show strong phylogenetic signal.CONCLUSIONSOur phylogeny greatly improves the resolution of Physalideae and highlights the need for taxonomic work. The analyses of trait evolution reveal that the inflated fruiting calyx has evolved many times and that the trajectory towards this phenotype is generally stepwise and directional. These results provide a strong foundation for studying the genetic and developmental mechanisms responsible for the repeated origins of this charismatic fruit trait.

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“…Calyx composed of five fused persistent sepals. Corolla composed of five fused petals, rotated toward tubular (Särkinen, Kottner, Stuppy, Ahmed, & Knapp, ). Androecium consists of five stamens, epipetalous and alternate with its lobes, anther opening from terminal pores.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Light Microscopy (LM)‐based Palyno‐morphological views of Solanaceae in Western Himalaya

Kayani

Hussain

Ahmad

et al. 2018

Microscopy Res & Technique

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In this study, plants belonging to family Solanaceae growing in Western Himalaya region have been observed palynologically under Light Microscope and Scanning electron microscope. Present investigation comprises of 10 genera and 23Withania somnifera. Solanaceae is a eurypalynous family. Grains are usually Tricolporate and Tetracolporate, radially symmetrical, isopolar, prolate-spheroidal to oblate-spheroidal to oblatespheroidal to subprolate to per prolate or suboblate to oblate, size range: 8.55-72 μm, amb circular, semi-angular or subangular, aperture drop-type, labrum common-type, exine usually 2 μm thick, nexine 1-1.5 μm thick. Tectum usually psilate, sexine reticulate, granulate or striato-reticulate, with obscure pattern, sexine 1-2 μm thick, nexine 1-1.5 μm thick, and intine 0.5-1 μm thick.Most striking variation has been found in the shape class, aperture-type, and tectal surface. Based on these characters, taxonomic keys have been made for correct identification of members in Solanaceae. However, the grains of this family are usually tricolporate and have direct relationship with certain members of the family Scrophulariaceae.Palyno-morphological characters of family Solanaceae have been studied for the first time in Western Himalayan region of Pakistan. These palyno-morphological characters are significant for identification of the members of family Solanaceae. K E Y W O R D S palynology, Solanaceae, western Himalaya

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A new commelinid monocot seed fossil from the early Eocene previously identified as Solanaceae

Cited by 11 publications

References 59 publications

Repeated evolution of a morphological novelty: a phylogenetic analysis of the inflated fruiting calyx in the Physalideae tribe (Solanaceae)

Repeated evolution of a morphological novelty: a phylogenetic analysis of the inflated fruiting calyx in the Physalideae tribe (Solanaceae)

Repeated evolution of a morphological novelty: a phylogenetic analysis of the inflated fruiting calyx in the Physalideae tribe (Solanaceae)

Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Light Microscopy (LM)‐based Palyno‐morphological views of Solanaceae in Western Himalaya

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