A New Crosslinked Foamed Fracturing Fluid

Watkins, E.K.; Wendorff, C.L.; Ainley, B.R.

doi:10.2118/12027-ms

Cited by 27 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Commonly used fracking fluids include, but are not limited to, slick water, polymers, seawater, foams, surfactants, linear gels, cross-linkers, and so forth. 8 – 9 10 11 12 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Machine Learning-Based Accelerated Approaches to Infer Breakdown Pressure of Several Unconventional Rock Types

et al. 2022

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Unconventional oil and gas reservoirs are usually classified by extremely low porosity and permeability values. The most economical way to produce hydrocarbons from such reservoirs is by creating artificially induced channels. To effectively design hydraulic fracturing jobs, accurate values of rock breakdown pressure are needed. Conducting hydraulic fracturing experiments in the laboratory is a very expensive and timeconsuming process. Therefore, in this study, different machine learning (ML) models were efficiently utilized to predict the breakdown pressure of tight rocks. In the first part of the study, to measure the breakdown pressures, a comprehensive hydraulic fracturing experimental study was conducted on various rock specimens. A total of 130 experiments were conducted on different rock types such as shales, sandstone, tight carbonates, and synthetic samples. Rock mechanical properties such as Young's modulus (E), Poisson's ratio (ν), unconfined compressive strength, and indirect tensile strength (σ t ) were measured before conducting hydraulic fracturing tests. ML models were used to correlate the breakdown pressure of the rock as a function of fracturing experimental conditions and rock properties. In the ML model, we considered experimental conditions, including the injection rate, overburden pressures, and fracturing fluid viscosity, and rock properties including Young's modulus (E), Poisson's ratio (ν), UCS, and indirect tensile strength (σ t ), porosity, permeability, and bulk density. ML models include artificial neural networks (ANNs), random forests, decision trees, and the K-nearest neighbor. During training of ML models, the model hyperparameters were optimized by the grid-search optimization approach. With the optimal setting of the ML models, the breakdown pressure of the unconventional formation was predicted with an accuracy of 95%. The accuracy of all ML techniques was quite similar; however, an explicit empirical correlation from the ANN technique is proposed. The empirical correlation is the function of all input features and can be used as a standalone package in any software. The proposed methodology to predict the breakdown pressure of unconventional rocks can minimize the laboratory experimental cost of measuring fracture parameters and can be used as a quick assessment tool to evaluate the development prospect of unconventional tight rocks.

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“…Commonly used fracking fluids include, but are not limited to, slick water, polymers, seawater, foams, surfactants, linear gels, cross-linkers, and so forth. 8 – 9 10 11 12 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Machine Learning-Based Accelerated Approaches to Infer Breakdown Pressure of Several Unconventional Rock Types

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…W literaturze [4,6,8,13,15,16] opisano parametry określające spienione płyny do szczelinowania, tj. : jakość pły-nów energetyzowanych, czas połowicznego zaniku piany, wielkość pęcherzyków, strukturę piany.…”

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Dobór dodatków do energetyzowanych płynów szczelinujących

Wilk

Kasza

Czupski

2016

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Dobór dodatków do energetyzowanych płynów szczelinującychSzczelinowanie hydrauliczne jest obecnie najpopularniejszą metodą stymulacji złóż gazu i ropy w formacjach niekonwencjonalnych. Jest ono niezbędne do umożliwienia eksploatacji złóż węglowodorów z formacji o bardzo małej przepuszczalności, tj. tight gas. Pokłady węgla oraz łupki gazonośne nie mogą być eksploatowane bez wykonania tego typu zabiegów [10]. W przypadku, gdy użyte ciecze szczelinujące wykonane są na bazie wody, może wystąpić tzw. uszkodzenie przepuszczalności, spowodowane m.in. pęcznieniem minerałów ilastych lub działaniem innych mechanizmów fizycznych i chemicznych zachodzących w szczelinowanej formacji [5]. Rolą cieczy szczelinującej jest wygenerowanie i propagacja szczelin. Zastosowana ciecz powinna również posiadać odpowiednie właściwości, które pozwolą na utrzymanie wtłaczanych materiałów podsadzkowych w formie zawiesiny, a następ-nie umożliwią cieczy pozostawienie podsadzki w szczelinie wytworzonej w złożu. W poszukiwaniu innych metod szczelinowania zwrócono uwagę na zastosowanie cieczy energetyzowanych jako mniej inwazyjnej metody szczelinowania formacji wrażliwych na obecność wody. W artykule zaprezentowano badania laboratoryjne, które miały na celu dobór odpowiednich środków do energetyzowanych płynów szczelinujących, w tym: biocydów, środków powierzchniowo czynnych, polimerów i środków spieniających oraz ich stężeń. Głównym celem było opracowanie skutecznej metody oceny zależnych od czasu właściwości płynów szczelinujących w warunkach złożowych.Słowa kluczowe: płyny energetyzowane, płyny szczelinujące, dodatki do płynów spienionych. Selection of additives for energized fracturing fluidsHydraulic fracturing is now the most popular method of stimulating gas and oil reservoirs in non-conventional formations. Fracturing is necessary to enable the production of hydrocarbon from formations of very low permeability, i.e. tight gas, coal and gas-bearing shales deposits, that cannot be exploited without fracking [10]. When fracking fluids used are based on water, so-called permeability damage caused by, among others, swelling of clay minerals, or by other physical and chemical mechanisms taking place in a formation being fractured [5] is likely to occur. The role of fracking fluid is to generate and propagate fractures. Any applied fracking fluid, should also have appropriate properties to make forced proppant materials keep the form of a suspension, and then to make fluid leave proppant in a fracture generated in a reservoir. In the search for alternative methods of fracturing, we drew our attention to, the use of energized fluids as a promising method of fracturing water sensitive formations. The article presents laboratory tests that focused on the selection of appropriate fracturing fluids additives; including biocides, surfactants, polymers and foaming agents and their concentrations. The main aim was to develop effective methods for evaluation of time-dependent properties of the fracturing fluids, at reservoir conditions. Key words: energ...

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Application of Surfactants in Well Stimulation

Khodaparast

Jessen

2021

Petroleum Engineering

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A New Crosslinked Foamed Fracturing Fluid

Cited by 27 publications

References 7 publications

Machine Learning-Based Accelerated Approaches to Infer Breakdown Pressure of Several Unconventional Rock Types

Machine Learning-Based Accelerated Approaches to Infer Breakdown Pressure of Several Unconventional Rock Types

Dobór dodatków do energetyzowanych płynów szczelinujących

Application of Surfactants in Well Stimulation

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