A new crustal fault formed the modern Corinth Rift

Fernández‐Blanco, David; Gelder, Gino de; Lacassin, Robin; Armijo, Rolando

doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.102919

Cited by 21 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 183 publications

(300 reference statements)

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“…This was observed by early works in the area (e.g., Ori, ), and together with the morphological similarity between footwall topography and river profiles (cf. Figures and ) supports a young and fast growth of the modern rift margin (e.g., Fernández‐Blanco et al, ). These observations, in turn, suggest a subsidiary role for regional uplift (e.g., Turner et al, ) and paleorelief (e.g., Ghisetti & Vezzani, ) in the modern rift evolution (Figure ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…The flexural model apposite at rift scale ( Figure 9) yields novel inferences on rift mechanics. The distributions of flexural uplift and slip rates are consistent with well-known relationships for single fault systems (Figures 3-8; e.g., Cowie & Scholz, 1992;Dawers et al, 1993;Densmore et al, 2004;Roberts & Michetti, 2004), thus defining a single, high-angle fault system kinematically linked at rift scale (Figures 1a and 8; Fernández-Blanco et al, 2019). Inherited relief resulting from distributed faulting (e.g., Gawthorpe et al, 1994;Goldsworthy & Jackson, 2001) in relation to the Aegean Sea back-arc extension (e.g., Brun & Sokoutis, 2010;Jolivet et al, 2013) is limited, and in stark contrast with the modern short-wavelength, high-amplitude rift relief (Figure 4).…”

Section: Implications For the Corinth Riftsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…The crest of frontal relief can be confidently followed along the rift margin in our composite DEM or Google Earth. Moreover, crest of frontal relief is set by first‐order triangular facets in the footwall (see Figure 11b and section 7.6.2 in Fernández‐Blanco et al () for a detailed description of the triangular facets along the rift margin).…”

Section: Methods and Assumptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The amagmatic continental rift of Corinth is at a very early rifting stage in relation to its current rift‐bounding fault system (Main fault system; Figure ), after a period of distributed extension and faulting, (Bell et al, ; Fernández‐Blanco et al, ). Rollback of the African slab and southward retreat of the Hellenic trench since ~30–45 Ma (e.g., Brun & Sokoutis, ; Jolivet et al, ; Jolivet & Brun, ; Le Pichon & Angelier, ) caused distributed extension, basinward fault migration and block tilting that started in the area at 4–5 Ma (e.g., Doutsos & Piper, ; Gawthorpe et al, ; Goldsworthy & Jackson, ).…”

Section: Corinth Rift: Early Continental Rifting Natural Laboratorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rollback of the African slab and southward retreat of the Hellenic trench since ~30–45 Ma (e.g., Brun & Sokoutis, ; Jolivet et al, ; Jolivet & Brun, ; Le Pichon & Angelier, ) caused distributed extension, basinward fault migration and block tilting that started in the area at 4–5 Ma (e.g., Doutsos & Piper, ; Gawthorpe et al, ; Goldsworthy & Jackson, ). At 1 Ma or younger times, activity along the north‐dipping high‐angle fault system that currently bounds the rift southern margin (Main fault system; Figure ; e.g., Armijo et al, ; Fernández‐Blanco et al, ; Nixon et al, ) led to a rapid increase in tectonic rates and ensued a prominent elastic flexure that has been characterized in detail in the east of the rift (Figure ; Armijo et al, ; De Gelder et al, ). The Main fault system accommodates faster geodetic strain rates (~1–1.5 cm/year; Avallone et al, ) than any subaerially exposed normal fault on Earth (Charalampakis et al, ; Tetreault & Buiter, ) and has a remarkable seismic activity (e.g., Bernard et al, ).…”

Section: Corinth Rift: Early Continental Rifting Natural Laboratorymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geometry of Flexural Uplift by Continental Rifting in Corinth, Greece

et al. 2020

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Understanding early rifting of continental lithosphere requires accurate descriptions of up-bended rift margins and footwalls that ought to correlate in space and time with the elastic flexural uplift that produces them. Here we characterize the geometry of elastic flexural uplift by continental rifting at its spatiotemporal scale in nature (tens of kilometers; 10 4 -10 6 years) using geomorphic evidence along the uplifting margin of the Corinth Rift, Greece. Our geomorphic analyses of space-borne topography novelly outline the coherent elastic flexure of continental lithosphere along and across the rift margin and throughout faulting (~10 6 years), as defined by the distribution of footwall uplift south of the active bounding fault. Topography and river drainages outline an elastic flexure signal that increases exponentially toward the bounding fault across the footwall for >50 km and changes in amplitude along the footwall following a parabola that decays from the rift center and has a >60-km wavelength that correlates with rift length. This continental lithosphere up-bend correlates with the scale of the rift, and appears maximum in the center of the rift, where drainage reversal of large catchments suggests rapid slip rates at the bounding fault. This is consistent with the growth of a new, rift-scale, high-angle normal fault. The coherency of elastic flexure in space and time implies highly localized strain in the rift-bounding fault and suggests that the fault transects continental lithosphere with long-term strength. The unparalleled record of flexural uplift and highly localized strain in the landscape of Corinth suggest these processes are intrinsic to early continental rifting elsewhere.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Implications For the Corinth Riftsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Methods and Assumptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Corinth Rift: Early Continental Rifting Natural Laboratorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Corinth Rift: Early Continental Rifting Natural Laboratorymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geometry of Flexural Uplift by Continental Rifting in Corinth, Greece

et al. 2020

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Exploring spatial non-stationarity in the relationships between landslide susceptibility and conditioning factors: a local modeling approach using geographically weighted regression

Chalkias

Polykretis

Karymbalis

et al. 2020

Bull Eng Geol Environ

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The 2 December 2020 MW 4.6, Kallithea (Viotia), central Greece earthquake: a very shallow damaging rupture detected by InSAR and its role in strain accommodation by neotectonic normal faults

Valkaniotis,

De Novellis,

Ganas

et al. 2023

Acta Geophys.

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On 2 December 2020 10:54 UTC a shallow earthquake of MW (NOA) = 4.6 occurred near the village of Kallithea (to the east of Thiva), central Greece, which, despite its modest size, was locally damaging. Using InSAR and GNSS data, we mapped a permanent change on the ground surface, i.e., a subsidence of 7 cm. Our geodetic inversion modelling indicates that the rupture occurred on a WNW–ESE striking, SSW-dipping normal fault, with a dip-angle of ~ 54°. The maximum slip value was 0.35 m, which was reached at a depth of about 1100 m. The analysis of broadband seismological data also provided kinematic source parameters such as moment magnitude MW = 4.6 (± 0.1), rupture area 6.3 km2 and mean slip 0.16 m, which agree with the values obtained from the geodetic model. The effects of the earthquake were disproportionate to its moderate magnitude, probably due to its unusually shallow depth (slip centroid at 1.1 km) and the high efficiency of the earthquake (radiation efficiency $$\eta$$ η = 0.62). The geodetic data inversion also indicates that within the uncertainty limits of the technique, three scenarios are possible (a) the earthquake responsible for the mapped surface deformation may have occurred on a ~ 2-km long, blind normal fault different from the well-known active Kallithea normal fault or (b) could have occurred along a secondary fault that branches off the Kallithea fault or (c) it may have occurred along the Kallithea fault itself, but with its geometrical configuration could not be modelled with available data. We have also concluded that with a high dip-angle Kallithea Fault forward model it is not possible to fit the geodetic data. The rupture initiated at a very shallow depth (1.1 km) and it could not propagate deeper possibly because of a structural barrier down-dip. The 2020 event near Kallithea highlighted the structural complexity in this region of the Asopos Rift valley as the reactivation of the WNW–ESE structures indicates their significant role in strain accommodation and that they still represent a seismic hazard for this region.

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A new crustal fault formed the modern Corinth Rift

Cited by 21 publications

References 183 publications

Geometry of Flexural Uplift by Continental Rifting in Corinth, Greece

Geometry of Flexural Uplift by Continental Rifting in Corinth, Greece

Exploring spatial non-stationarity in the relationships between landslide susceptibility and conditioning factors: a local modeling approach using geographically weighted regression

The 2 December 2020 MW 4.6, Kallithea (Viotia), central Greece earthquake: a very shallow damaging rupture detected by InSAR and its role in strain accommodation by neotectonic normal faults

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