A new dammarane saponin and other triterpenoids from Siolmatra brasiliensis and evaluation of the antidiabetic activity of its extract

Abstract

Context Siolmatra brasiliensis (Cogn.) Baill (Cucurbitaceae) is a climbing plant widely used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus symptoms. Objective This work evaluates the antidiabetic activity of an extract of S. brasiliensis in streptozotocin-diabetic rats and promotes the phytochemical investigation to isolate the major compounds of the same extract. Materials and methods Male Wistar rats were divided into normal (N) and diabetic rats (DC) treated with water; diabetic rats treated with 3U insulin (DI) or with 250 (DSb250) or 500 mg/kg (DSb500) of hydroalcoholic extract of the stalks of S. brasiliensis, via oral gavage, for 21 days. Physiological and biochemical parameters classically altered in diabetes were monitored. The triterpenoids were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction under silica gel column chromatography and Sephadex-LH20 methods and their structures were determined by NMR, HR-ESI-MS and DC analysis. Results When compared with DC, DSb250 rats showed a reduction in the hyperglycemia (DC: 26.46 ± 0.69 versus DSb250: 19.67 ± 1.06 mmol/L) and glycosuria (DC: 43.02 ± 3.19 versus DSb250: 28.46 ± 2.14 mmol/24 h) and increase in hepatic glycogen (DC: 14.44 ± 1.26 versus DSb250: 22.08 ± 4.26 mg/g). Three known cucurbitacins were isolated from a hydroalcoholic extract of S. brasiliensis, i.e., cayaponosides A1, B4, D, and a new dammarane saponin 3-O-β-d-gentiobiosyl-26-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-20-hydroxydammar-24-ene. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by spectral data analysis of the natural products and their acetyl derivatives. Discussion and conclusion The known cucurbitacins and/or the new identified saponin may be related with the antidiabetic activity of S. brasiliensis.

Cucurbitacin Augments Insulin Sensitivity and Glucose Uptake Through Translocation and Activation of Glut4 in Pi3k/Akt Signaling Pathway

“…These present findings confirmed that cucurbitacin played a crucial responsibility in regulating insulin-dependent glucose clearance and maintaining glucose homeostasis compared with previous studies. [1,10] It has also been well known that oxidative stress associated lipid peroxidation improved under the diabetic conditions. Diabetes is noticeable by enhanced these reactive oxygen [36] However, these ROS are managed by endogenous enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants.…”

“…The blood glucose-lowering efficacy of a few members of Cucurbitaceae family has been assessed by many researchers worldwide. [8][9][10] Pointed gourd (Trichosanthes dioica Roxb (L.)) is known by the name of parwal, palwal, parmal, patol, and potala in different parts of India and Bangladesh and is one of the important vegetables. [11] The fruits and leaves are the edible parts of the plant which are cooked in various ways, either alone or in combination with other vegetables or meats.…”

The role of mass spectrometry in studies of glycation processes and diabetes management

“…In the search of new antidiabetic compounds, biological characterization of plant extracts is also necessary to define the clinical efficacy and safeness. In order to isolate the active compounds from a whole extract, several authors performed solvent-based fractionation procedures (Erukainure et al, 2017;Milani et al, 2017) or chromatographic fractionation onto resins or silica gel columns (Im et al, 2014;Dos Santos et al, 2016;Raafat & Omar, 2016). The identification of those fractions containing the active compounds should be performed in vitro before to assess the in vivo properties (Raafat & Omar, 2016).…”

Study on the Antinociceptive Activity and Mechanism of Action of Isolated Saponins from Siolmatra brasiliensis (Cogn.) Baill

“…Its roots are considered a purifying and antisyphilis agent [2]. Infusions prepared with roots are widely used in traditional medicine as an analgesic for treatment of toothache [2] and for the treatment of ulcers [3]. Due to the presence of cucurbitacins, compounds responsible for the bitter tang and high toxicity, Lima et al [1] showed some toxicological effects of S. brasiliensis only at very high doses (i.e., 2 g/kg).…”

“…Due to the presence of cucurbitacins, compounds responsible for the bitter tang and high toxicity, Lima et al [1] showed some toxicological effects of S. brasiliensis only at very high doses (i.e., 2 g/kg). In a recent study, Dos Santos et al [3] performed a regional ethnopharmacological use of the infusion of S. brasiliensis stems in Mato Grosso (Brazil) and demonstrated that the crude hydroethanol extract reduced the hyperglycemia and glycosuria in diabetic mice. On the other hand, our continuous search for evidences for the traditional use of Brazilian species led us to hear about the popular use of S. brasiliensis to treating pain as a result of toothache.…”