“…Control problems combined with dispatch and scheduling problems form the bases for optimal EMS problems, which are responsible for implementing the hierarchal control strategy of DCIMG. Therefore, solving an EMS problem acts as a buffer to serve a variety of technical [33,35,54,59,85,91,92,117,134,148,154,[163][164][165][166], economic [28][29][30][75][76][77][78][79][80][81]84,85,91,[124][125][126][127][128][129][130][131][132][133]135,144,145,[148][149][150][151]167,168], and environmental [84,…”