“…However, most of the existing studies were concerned with the second-order elliptic eigenvalue problems and there are relatively few works treating the biharmonic eigenvalue problems. In recent years, the numerical methods of eigenvalue problems were mainly based on finite element methods which include conforming finite elements [3,11,20,25], nonconforming finite elements [1,18,21,23], and mixed finite elements [5,10,17,19]. For the conforming finite element method, it requires globally continuously differentiable finite element spaces, which are difficult to construct and implement (in particular for three dimensional problems).…”