Repair, reconstruction, and replacement of congenital malformations, either in case of exogenous or iatrogenic tissue and organ defects, requires utilization of a large number of personalized biomaterials. In recent decades, the improvement of people's quality of life and the prolongation of life expectancy have promoted the development of medical and material science. In addition to the traditionally used stainless steel, other materials such as cobalt-chromium alloy, pure titanium, titanium alloy, and the newly alloy materials continue to emerge, such as tantalum-based alloy materials which have been used in clinic, especially the application of porous tantalum trabecular metal in orthopedics. This paper which has provided good preliminary works for the development of tantalum biomaterials with more advantages in the future such as tantalum dental implants summarizes in detail the progress of tantalum materials in physicochemical properties and biocompatibility in recent years. From the comparison of surface passivation films of different metals in different environments, the electrochemical corrosion behavior of tantalum, the release of different metal ions and the damage to cells, it is concluded that tantalum has excellent corrosion resistance. Besides, the excellent biocompatibility of tantalum metals concluded by cytology, molecular biology, protein adsorption experiment, and hematology experiment, as well as regular follow-up observation of patients with porous tantalum trabecular metal in clinic. The excellent corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of the tantalum metal have a very wide prospect in clinical application.