“…The book Flowering Crabapples recorded more than 1200 crabapple germplasms (Fiala 1994), among which were a large amount of pink and green leaf cultivars, such as Yellow Jade, Bride, and Molten Lava. In addition, there are many types of pink flowers in crabapple germplasms, such as 'Fenghong Nichang', 'Fen Balei', 'Zi Dieer', and 'Juan Zhulian' (Fan et al 2019;Zeng et al 2022;Zhou et al 2019Zhou et al , 2020. However, there are few cultivars with bright-pink flowers in sharp contrast to emerald leaves.…”