A new formulation of the electric vehicle routing problem with time windows considering concave nonlinear charging function

Zuo, Xiaorong; Xiao, Yiyong; Meng, You; Kaku, Ikou; Xu, Yuchun

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.117687

Cited by 65 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Extensive experiments were conducted to compare the results of directly solving the MIP models using Gurobi 7.5.0, the heuristic and exact labeling algorithm. Zuo et al (2019) focused on formulating the EVRP-NL into new MIP models that do not use duplicated dummy vertices or edges. In this work, no tailored solution procedure is given.…”

Section: Evrp With Nonlinear Charging Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2). Actually, the EVRPs extend the VRPs by mainly considering the following four aspects: 1) locations of the recharging (or battery swapping) stations (Yang and Sun, 2015;Schiffer and Walther, 2017;Zhang et al, 2019), 2) adoption of full or partial recharging policy (Keskin and Çatay, 2016;Sweda et al, 2017a;2017b;Macrina et al, 2019a;, 3) charging functions (Montoya et al, 2017;Froger et al, 2019;Zuo et al, 2019), and 4) multiple types of recharging stations (Felipe et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review on the electric vehicle routing problems: Variants and algorithms

Qin

Ren

et al. 2021

Front. Eng. Manag.

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Over the past decade, electric vehicles (EVs) have been considered in a growing number of models and methods for vehicle routing problems (VRPs). This study presents a comprehensive survey of EV routing problems and their many variants. We only consider the problems in which each vehicle may visit multiple vertices and be recharged during the trip. The related literature can be roughly divided into nine classes: Electric traveling salesman problem, green VRP, electric VRP, mixed electric VRP, electric location routing problem, hybrid electric VRP, electric dial-a-ride problem, electric two-echelon VRP, and electric pickup and delivery problem. For each of these nine classes, we focus on reviewing the settings of problem variants and the algorithms used to obtain their solutions.

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Section: Evrp With Nonlinear Charging Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on the electric vehicle routing problems: Variants and algorithms

Qin

Ren

et al. 2021

Front. Eng. Manag.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Juan et al proposed the use of metaheuristics and heuristics as the most efficient way to deal with VRPs [17]. Zuo et al considered a concave, nonlinear charging function as a new energy consumption model for the EVRP [18]. Zhang et al suggested an EV battery swap station (BSS) location-routing problem with stochastic demands to determine a minimum cost scheme.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Optimization of Routing and Energy Management for Electric Vehicles in Delivery Scheduling

Wang

Cao

2021

Energies

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At present, electric vehicles (EVs) are attracting increasing attention and have great potential for replacing fossil-fueled vehicles, especially for logistics applications. However, energy management for EVs is essential for them to be advantageous owing to their limitations with regard to battery capacity and recharging times. Therefore, inefficiencies can be expected for EV-based logistical operations without an energy management plan, which is not necessarily considered in traditional routing exercises. In this study, for the logistics application of EVs to manage energy and schedule the vehicle route, a system is proposed. The system comprises two parts: (1) a case-based reasoning subsystem to forecast the energy consumption and travel time for each route section, and (2) a genetic algorithm to optimize vehicle routing with an energy consumption situation as a new constraint. A dynamic adjustment algorithm is also adopted to achieve a rapid response to accidents in which the vehicles might be involved. Finally, a simulation is performed to test the system by adjusting the data from the vehicle routing problem with time windows. Solomon benchmarks are used for the validations. The analysis results show that the proposed vehicle management system is more economical than the traditional method.

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“…In the piecewise linear approximation, the number of breakpoints is user-defined. The approximation becomes more accurate as more breakpoints are used [19].…”

Section: Optimisation Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Nonlinear Charging Function and Line Change Constraints on Electric Bus Scheduling

Zhang

et al. 2021

PROMET

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The recharging plans are a key component of the electric bus schedule. Since the real-world charging function of electric vehicles follows a nonlinear relationship with the charging duration, it is challenging to accurately estimate the charging time. To provide a feasible bus schedule given the nonlinear charging function, this paper proposes a mixed integer programming model with a piecewise linear charging approximation and multi-depot and multi-vehicle type scheduling. The objective of the model is to minimise the total cost of the schedule, which includes the vehicle purchasing cost and operation cost. From a practical point of view, the number of line changes of each bus is also taken as one of the constraints in the optimisation. An improved heuristic algorithm is then proposed to find high-quality solutions of the problem with an efficient computation. Finally, a real-world dataset is used for the case study. The results of using different charging functions indicate a large deviation between the linear charging function and the piecewise linear approximation, which can effectively avoid the infeasible bus schedules. Moreover, the experiments show that the proposed line change constraints can be an effective control method for transit operators.

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A new formulation of the electric vehicle routing problem with time windows considering concave nonlinear charging function

Cited by 65 publications

References 52 publications

A review on the electric vehicle routing problems: Variants and algorithms

A review on the electric vehicle routing problems: Variants and algorithms

Integrated Optimization of Routing and Energy Management for Electric Vehicles in Delivery Scheduling

The Effect of Nonlinear Charging Function and Line Change Constraints on Electric Bus Scheduling

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